saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos erTgvarovani praqtika samoqalaqo saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT
* * *
ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxova da xelSeSlis aRkveTa
ssk muxli 172
1. mesakuTres SeuZlia mflobels mosTxovos nivTis ukan dabruneba, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca mflobels hqonda am nivTis flobis ufleba.
magaliTi 1
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-sa da g-s mimarT da moiTxova maTi binidan gamosaxleba im safuZvliT, rom d-s gardacvalebis Semdeg masze gaica kanonismieri memkvidreobis uflebis damadasturebeli mowmoba. b-m da g-m uari ganacxades binis gamonTavisuflebaze im safuZvliT, rom maT qiravnobis xelSekruleba dades e-sTan da sacxovrebel saxls flobdnen kanonierad. sakasacio palatam saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad damtkicebulad miiCnia is garemoebebi, rom b-s da g-s binis flobis ufleba miRebuli hqonda e-sgan d-s gardacvalebis Semdeg da e-s d-sgan ar hqonda miRebuli sadavo binis gankargvis ufleba. sakasacio palatam dadgenilad miiCnia, rom a-s hqonda sadavo binis sakuTrebis ufleba, xolo b da g iyvnen nivTis mflobelebi, Tumca maT ar gaaCndaT nivTis flobis ufleba. palatam ixelmZRvanela ssk-is 172-e muxlis pirvelis nawiliT da b-s da g-s daakisra nivTis gamonTavisuflebis movaleoba.
magaliTi 2
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-s mimarT da moiTxova ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxova im safuZvliT, rom sadavo qoneba warmoadgenda mis sakuTrebas, rac dasturdeboda g-sTan dadebuli yidva-gayidvis xelSekrulebiT, xolo b aRniSnul qonebas flobda ukanonod. b-m sarCeli ar cno, vinaidan igi sadavo qonebas flobda d-sTan dadebuli qiravnobis xelSekrulebis safuZvelze. sakasacio sasamarTlom saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad dadgenilad miiCnia, rom sadavo qonebis mesakuTres warmoadgenda a, vinaidan misi sakuTrebis ufleba uZrav qonebaze dasturdeboda sajaro reestris monacemebiT, xolo b ki flobda qonebas, magram ar gaaCnda misi flobis ufleba, vinaidan man qiravnobis xelSekruleba dado d-sTan, romelic ar warmoadgenda aRniSnuli qonebis mesakuTres. sakasacio palatam ixelmZRvanela ssk-is 170-e, 172-e, 183-e da 312-e muxlebiT da b-s daakisra sadavo farTis gamonTavisuflebis movaleoba.
magaliTi 3
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-s mimarT da moiTxova ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxova im safuZvliT, rom man sacxovrebeli bina Cuqebis xelSekrulebiT miiRo g-sgan, xolo b ukanonod flobda aRniSnul binas. miuxedavad imisa, rom Cuqebis xelSekruleba registrirebuli ar iyo sajaro reestrSi, pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom dadasturebulad CaTvala a-s sakuTrebis ufleba sadavo binaze mxolod Cuqebis xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare, vinaidan TviT b-c aRiarebda, rom mas ar gaaCnda sakuTrebis ufleba sadavo binaze da Sesaxlebuli iyo unebarTvod, Tumca a-s sasargeblod ar aTavisuflebda binas, vinidan Cuqebis xelSekruleba, romliTac a-s g-sgan sakuTrebaSi gadaeca sacxovrebeli bina, registrirebuli ar iyo sajaro reestrSi. saqmis sakasacio instanciiT ganxilvis dros Cuqebis xelSekruleba ukve registrirebuli iyo sajaro reestrSi. amdenad a warmoadgenda sadavo farTis mesakuTres, xolo b ukanonod flobda sadavo binas. sakasacio palatam ixelmZRvanela 172-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT da b-s daakisra binis gamonTavisuflebis movaleoba.
magaliTi 4
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-s mimarT da moiTxova ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxova Semdegi safuZvlebidan gamomdinare: a-m zepiri garigebis Sedegad avtomanqana gadasca g-s, im pirobiT, rom g avtomanqanas gadaiformebda mxolod Rirebulebis gadaxdis Semdeg. g-m isargebla avtomanqanis saregistracio mowmobiT da notariusTan SeTanxmebis gziT avtomanqana daagirava b-sTan 8000 aSS dolaris sesxis uzrunvelsayofad da miimala. sakasacio palatam ganmarta, rom nasyidobis xelSekrulebis dadeba niSnavs xelSekrulebiT nakisri uflebebisa da valdebulebebis warmoSobas, magram, is jer kidev ar niSnavs sakuTrebis gadasvlas myidvelze. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 186-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, moZrav nivTebze sakuTrebis gadasacemad aucilebelia, rom mesakuTrem namdvili uflebis safuZvelze gadasces SemZens nivTi. amrigad, moZrav nivTze sakuTrebis gadacemisaTvis aucilebelia ori winapirobis arseboba: namdvili ufleba (am konkretul SemTxvevaSi nasyidobis xelSekrulebidan warmoSobili ufleba myidvelisa moiTxovos nivTis gadacema) da nivTis faqtobrivi gadacema (am SemTxvevaSi avtomanqanis gadacema myidvelze). samoqalaqo kodeqsis 188-e muxlis pirveli nawilis pirveli winadadebis Tanaxmad, Tu gamsxvisebelma pirobad daTqva sakuTrebis gadasvla SemZenze mxolod nivTis safasuris gadaxdis Semdeg, ivaraudeba, rom sakuTreba gadava SemZenze safasuris srulad gadaxdis Semdeg. SemZenze gadacemuli nivTi safasuris srulad gadaxdamde gamsxviseblis sakuTrebaa.
miuxedavad a-sa da b-s Soris dadebuli nasyidobis xelSekrulebisa, a darCa avtomanqanis mesakuTred da sakuTrebis ufleba avtomanqanaze b-sTvis ar gadaucia. amitom rogorc mesakuTres, mas SeuZlia, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 172-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Sesabamisad, moiTxovos sxvisi ukanono mflobelobidan avtomanqanis gamoTxova.
komentari:
yoveli valdebuleba Sedgeba, ZiriTadad, ori nawilisagan _ konkretuli saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebisa da normis aRwerilobiTi nawilisagan, romelic zogadi Sinaarsisaa da Sedegebisagan, romelsac kanoni iTvaliswinebs normis aRwerilobiTi nawilis Semadgeneli elementis arsebobisas.
mosamarTle valdebulia, mosarCelis sasarCelo gancxadebidan gamomdinare, moZebnos kanoni, romelic iTvaliswinebs im samarTlebriv Sedegs, romelsac mosarCele Tavisi sarCeliT moiTxovs. mosamarTlem unda daadginos, miuTiTebs Tu ara mosarCele im garemoebebze, romlebic kanonis mier gansazRvrulia am samarTlebrivi Sedegis dadgomis winapirobad. unda dadgindes gansaxilveli moTxovnis safuZvlisaTvis aucilebeli winapirobebi, anu kanoniT dadgenili normis Semadgenlobis niSnebi. iuridiuli muSaobis meTodikis mixedviT normebi unda daiSalos misi elementebis, kerZod, normis aRwerilobiTi nawilis Semadgeneli elementebis mixedviT. iuridiuli samuSao swored am amoxsnis sisworezea damokidebuli.
ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovasa da xelSeSlis aRkveTis moTxovnas iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 172-e muxli. ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxova (vindikaciuri sarCeli) mesakuTris uflebis dacvis ZvelTaganve miRebuli saSualebaa. esaa sarCeli, romelsac mesakuTre maSin iyenebs, roca Selaxulia nivTze misi mflobeloba, saxeldobr, roca mesakuTris qoneba ukanono mfloblis xelTaa. nivTis vindicirebac sxvisi ukanono mflobelobidan mis gamoTxovas gulisxmobs. vindikaciuri sarCelis arsi sakuTrebis absoluturi bunebidan momdinareobs. mesakuTres ssk-s 158-e muxlis me-2 nawilisa da 170-e muxlis me-3 nawilis Sesabamisad, ufleba aqvs ar flobdes an ar sargeblobdes kuTvnili nivTiT. amdenad, mesakuTres aqvs sakuTari nivTis Tavisufali flobisa da sargeblobis ufleba, Tuki ar arsebobs sargeblobis aucilebeli socialuri interesi. es ki gulisxmobs mesakuTris Tavisuflebas, nebismier dros daeuflos kuTvnil nivTs an isargeblos am nivTiT, maT Soris, moiTxovos ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxova. aRniSnul urTierTobas awesrigebs ssk-is 172-e muxlis pirveli nawili, romelic normis aRwerilobiTi nawilis Semadgenel sam elements Seicavs:
1. mosarCele unda iyos nivTis mesakuTre;
2. mopasuxe unda iyos nivTis mflobeli;
3. mopasuxes ar unda hqondes am nivTis flobis ufleba (normis aRwerilobiTi nawilis e.w. negatiuri, uaryofiTi Semadgeneli elementi).
mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac mosamarTle am samive winapirobis (normis aRwerilobiTi nawilis Semadgeneli elementebis) arsebobas daadgens, SeuZlia ganawesos samarTlebrivi Sedegi: mosarCelis sasargeblod mopasuxisaTvis ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovis dakisreba.
vindikaciuri sarCelis dakmayofilebis pirvel pirobas, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, warmoadgens, is rom mosarCele unda iyos mesakuTre. vinaidan mesakuTris mier dabrunebis moTxovna Tanabrad ukavSirdeba rogorc moZrav, ise uZrav nivTebs, amitom mesakuTred yofnis prezumfcia sxvadasxvagvarad dasturdeba. uZravi nivTis mesakuTreoba ssk-is 183-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Sesabamisad sajaro reestridan dasturdeba, sajaro reestris monacemebis mimarT ki, 312-e muxlis Sesabamisad, moqmedebs utyuarobisa da sisrulis prezumfcia (magaliTi 2). Tumca, piris sakuTrebis ufleba uZrav qonebaze SeiZleba ar dasturdebodes sajaro reestridan, magram aRniSnuli udavod iqnes miCneuli piris sakuTrebad sxva samarTlebrivi safuZvlidan gamomdinare da gaxdes vindikaciuri sarCelis dakmayofilebis safuZveli (magaliTi 1).
vindikaciuri sarCelis dakmayofilebis meore aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens is, rom mopasuxe unda iyos nivTis mflobeli. aRniSnuli TavisTavad gamomdinareobs moTxovnis arsidan, vinaidan sasarCelo moTxovna exeba nivTis mflobelobidan gamoTxovas, magram aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom mflobeloba ar unda iyos kanonieri, vinaidan 172-e muxlis pirveli nawili mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iZleva mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovis SesaZleblobas, Tu mflobeloba arakanonieria. uZrav nivTebTan mimarTebiT sakiTxi martivad wydeba, vinaidan sakuTrebis ufleba sajaro reestridan dasturdeba, xolo rac Seexeba moZrav nivTebs, am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos iseTi mniSvnelovani garemoebebi, rogoricaa mewarmis gulisxmiereba, sakuTrebis uflebis gadacemis momenti da a.S (magaliTi 4). kidev erTi sakiTxi, romelsac sasamarTlo gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovis Taobaze davis ganxilvisas, aris mfloblis subieqturi damokidebulebis garkveva mflobelobis faqtis mimarT. aRniSnuli, marTalia, zegavlenas ar axdens 172-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegze (ukanono mflobelobis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi nivTi gamoTxovil unda iqnes mesakuTris sasargeblod), magram ssk-is 164-e, 165-e muxlebis Tanaxmad, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mopasuxis mimarT (vindikaciur sarCelSi) samarTlebrivi Sedegis dadgomisaTvis.
ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxova, Tavisi arsidan gamomdinare, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli moTxovnaa. aqedan gamomdinare, aRniSnul sakiTxze arsebuli sasamarTlo praqtikac sakmaod vrcelia.
ssk muxli 172.
2. Tu sakuTrebis xelyofa an sxvagvari xelSeSla xdeba nivTis amoRebis an misi CamorTmevis gareSe, maSin mesakuTres SeuZlia xelis SemSlels mosTxovos am moqmedebis aRkveTa. Tu amgvari xelSeSla kvlav gagrZeldeba, mesakuTres SeuZlia moiTxovos moqmedebis aRkveTa sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis gziT.
magaliTi 1
a-m sarCeli aRZra b-s (mezoblis) mimarT, romelmac misi sacxovrebeli oTaxis Tavze abazanisa da tualetis mSenebloba daiwyo da amoWra iataki. a-m moiTxova misi, rogorc mesakuTris, sakuTrebiT sargeblobis uflebis xelSeSlis aRkveTa. saqmeze Catarebuli sainJinro-teqnikuri eqspertizis daskviniT mopasuxis mier binaSi saabazanosa da tualetis mowyobiT dairRva samSeneblo normebi da wesebi. sakasacio palatam ssk-is 170-e muxlisa da 172-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, mesakuTris mier sakuTrebiT sargeblobis ufleba darRveulad miiCnia da moTxovna daakmayofila.
komentari:
sakuTrebis xelyofis an sxvagvari xelSeSlis aRkveTa nivTis amoRebis an misi CamorTmevis gareSe tradiciulad literaturaSi moixsenieba rogorc negatoruli sarCeli. sakuTrebis xelyofa an sxvagvari xelSeSla SeiZleba gamoixatebodes rogorc moqmedebaSi, aseve umoqmedobaSi. negatoruli sarCelis safuZveli SeiZleba iyos mesakuTris mier sakuTrebiT SezRudulad sargebloba. mesakuTre aseve saerTod SeiZleba moklebuli iyos Tavisi sakuTrebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobas. mesakuTris ufleba, moiTxovos xelSeSlis aRkveTa, ar SeiZleba iyos xandazmuli, vinaidan mesakuTris aRniSnuli Tavisuflebis xandazmulobis SemzRudavi danawesebisadmi daqvemdebareba ewinaaRmdegeba sakuTrebis uflebis absolutur bunebas, saqarTvelos konstituciasa da samoqalaqo kodeqsis aRniSnul normebs. Sesabamisad, xandazmulobis vadebi ar unda gavrceldes ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovasa da xelSeSlis aRkveTis moTxovnaze, Tumca, negatoruli sarCelTan mimarTebiT, xandazmulobis vadebi garkveuli TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba, kerZod, mesakuTres xelSeSlis aRkveTis moTxovniT sarCelis aRZvris ufleba aqvs iqamde, sanam xelSeSla grZeldeba, Tundac xelSeSla usasrulod grZeldebodes, xolo xelSeSlis aRkveTis Semdeg negatoruli sarCelis wardgena SeuZlebelia. am SemTxvevaSi mesakuTres ufleba aqvs moiTxovos zianis anazRaureba.
sarCelis xandazmuloba
ssk muxli 128
1. sxva pirisagan raime moqmedebis Sesrulebis an moqmedebisagan Tavis Sekavebis moTxovnis uflebaze vrceldeba xandazmuloba.
2. xandazmulobis vada ar vrceldeba:
a. pirad araqonebriv uflebebze, Tu kanoniT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli;
b. meanabreTa moTxovnaze banksa da sxva sakredito dawesebulebebSi Setanili anabrebis gamo.
g. xandazmulobis saerTo vada Seadgens 10 wels.
ssk muxli 129
1. saxelSekrulebo moTxovnebis xandazmulobis vada Seadgens sam wels, xolo uZrav nivTebTan dakavSirebuli saxelSekrulebo moTxovnebisa _ eqvs wels.
2. xandazmulobis vada im moTxovnebisa, romlebic warmoiSoba periodulad Sesasrulebeli valdebulebebidan, sami welia.
3. calkeul SemTxvevebSi kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes xandazmulobis sxva vadebic.
magaliTi 1
a-m 2002 wlis 6 agvistos sarCeli aRZra b-sa da g-s mimarT da moiTxova 1996 wlis 7 ivniss dadebuli binis nasyidobis xelSekrulebis baTilad cnoba Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo: b warmoadgenda a-s meuRles. b-sa da g-s Soris daido binis nasyidobis xelSekruleba, romelic fiqtiuri iyo da ar emsaxureboda iuridiuli Sedegis dadgomas. g-m sarCeli ar cno da miuTiTa, rom nasyidobis xelSekruleba daido b-s mier g-sgan nasesxebi 2300 aSS dolaris sanacvlod. sakasacio sasmarTlom moTxovna xandazmulad miiCnia da ganmarta, rom a-m sadavo nasyidobis xelSekrulebis dadebis Taobaze Seityo xelSekrulebis dadebis dros, Sesabamisad, kanoniT dadgenili eqvswliani xandazmulobis vada sarCelis Setanis droisaTvis ukve gasulad unda CaiTvalos. aRniSnul garemoebebze dayrdnobiT sasamarTlom gamoiyena samoqalaqo kodeqsis 129-e muxlis pirveli nawili, romlis Tanaxmad, uZrav nivTebTan dakavSirebuli saxelSekrulebo moTxovnebis xandazmulobis vada Seadgens eqvs wels. amave kodeqsis 130-e muxlis Sesabamisad, xandazmuloba iwyeba moTxovnis warmoSobis momentidan. moTxovnis warmoSobis momentad CaiTvleba dro, roca pirma Seityo an unda Seetyo uflebis darRvevis Sesaxeb. samoqalaqo kodeqsi xandazmulobis vadebs adgens im mizniT, rom am vadebSi pirma moiTxovos darRveuli uflebis iZulebiT ganxorcieleba. es SesaZlebloba ki pirs ekargeba moTxovnis xandazmulobis vadis gasvliT.
ssk muxli 130
xandazmuloba iwyeba moTxovnis warmoSobis momentidan. moTxovnis warmoSobis momentad CaiTvleba dro, roca pirma Seityo an unda Seetyo uflebis darRvevis Sesaxeb.
ssk muxli 140
1. sarCelis Setana xandazmulobis vadis denis Sewyvetas ar gamoiwvevs, Tu mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze an sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT sarCeli ganuxilvelad iqneba datovebuli.
magaliTi 2
2001 wlis 28 agvistos a-m sarCeliT mimarTa b-s da moiTxova binis qiris 800 aSS dolaris gadaxdis dakisreba. aRniSnuli saqme 2002 wlis 8 ianvris ganCinebiT ganuxilvelad iqna datovebuli. a-m axali sarCeli aRZra 2004 wlis 5 noembers. ssk-is 129-e muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, xandazmulobis vada im moTxovnebisa, romlebic warmoiSoba periodulad Sesasrulebeli valdebulebebidan, sami welia. amave kodeqsis 130-e muxlis Tanaxmad ki, xandazmuloba iwyeba moTxovnis warmoSobis momentidan. moTxovnis warmoSobis momentad CaiTvleba dro, roca pirma Seityo an unda Seetyo uflebis darRvevis Sesaxeb. gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi kasators moTxovnis ufleba warmoeSva 2000 wlis seqtemberSi. ssk-is 140-e muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT, sarCelis Setana xandazmulobis vadis denis Sewyvetas ar gamoiwvevs, Tu mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze an sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT sarCeli darCeba ganuxilveli. rogorc cnobilia, mxares dadgenil vadaSi ar Seutania kerZo saCivari 2002 wlis 8 ianvris ganCinebaze da amdenad, gasaCivrebisaTvis dadgenili TormetdRiani vadis gasvlis Semdeg igi kanonier ZalaSi Sevida. aqedan gamomdinare, xandazmulobis samwliani vada amoiwura 2003 wlis seqtemberSi, a-m ki axali sarCeli saerTo wesiT aRZra 2004 wlis 5 noembers. amdenad, sakasacio palatam a-s moTxovna miiCnia xandazmulad da ar daakmayofila.
komentari:
sasarCelo xandazmuloba gulisxmobs dros, romlis ganmavlobaSi pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos Tavisi darRveuli uflebis aRdgena. xandazmulobis Semofargvla drois periodulobiT, sasamarTlo praqtikidan gamomdinare, mraval mizezs ukavSirdeba:
1. xandazmulobis vada sasamarTlos umsubuqebs faqtebis dadgenisa da Seswavlis process da am gziT xels uwyobs dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas; 2. xels uwyobs samoqalaqo brunvis stabilizacias; 3. aZlierebs samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqtebis urTierTkontrolsa da iZleva darRveuli uflebis dauyovnebliv aRdgenis stimulizacias. xandazmulobis vadis warmoSobis safuZvelia uflebis darRveva, Tumca vadis aTvla ar xdeba uflebis darRvevis momentidan. misi aTvla iwyeba im momentidan, roca pirma Seityo an unda Seetyo uflebis darRvevis Sesaxeb.
xandazmulobis saerTo vadaa aTi weli. aRniSnuli xandazmulobis vada dadgenilia yvela im urTierTobisaTvis, romlisTvisac kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs specialur xandazmulobis vadas. specialuri xandzmulobis vadis dadgena ki SesaZlebelia kanoniT.
xandazmulobis cneba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli sarCelis aRZvris uflebasTan. sssk-is me-2 muxli uzrunvelyofs yoveli piris uflebas, mimarTos sasamarTlos sakuTari uflebebis dasacad. aq ar igulisxmeba mxolod araxandazmul moTxovnebi. pirs sasamarTlo wesiT nebismieri darRveuli uflebis aRdgenis moTxovnis SesaZlebloba aqvs. Tumca sarCelis ufleba 2 nawilisagan Sedgeba: sarCelis aRZvrisa da sarCelis dakmayofilebis uflebebisagan. xandazmulobis vadac swored sarCelis dakmayofilebis uflebaze vrceldeba da ara sarCelis aRZvraze.
sasamarTlo praqtikisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs xandazmulobis vadis gamoyenebis safuZvels; xandazmulobis vadaze unda miuTiTos mxarem da ara sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT, es imas niSnavs, rom mxares unda ekavos aqtiuri pozicia xandazulobis sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT. amaze metyvelebs Tundac is garemoeba, rom mas Semdeg, rac mxare miuTiTebs xandazmulobis vadaze, Semdeg ukve sasamarTlos kompetencias warmoadgens xandazmulobis vadis gamoTvla, agreTve imis dadgena, xom ar iyo am periodSi xandazmulobis vada Sewyvetili da a. S. aRniSnuli momdinareobs mxareTa SejibrebiTobis principidan, vinaidan, Tu erT mxares eniWeba darRveuli uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacvis SesaZlebloba, meore mxare uflebamosilia, gamoiyenos nebismieri samarTlebrivi meqanizmi mowinaaRmdege mxaris poziciis gasaqarwyleblad, xolo sasamarTlos mxridan xandazmulobis vadaze miTiTebiT, ilaxeba mxaris ufleba, vinaidan aRniSnuli ewinaaRmdegeba mxaris, rogorc uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacvis SesaZleblobas, aseve SejibrebiTobis princips.
mniSvnelovania aseve sakiTxi imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo, rodesac saqmeSi ramdenime mopasuxea da mxolod erT-erTi maTgani uTiTebs xandazmulobis vadis gaSvebaze. pasuxi calsaxaa: sasamarTlo xandazmulobis sakiTxs wyvets mxolod im mopasuxesTan mimarTebiT, romelmac aRniSnuli moTxovna daayena.
praqtikisaTvis aseve mniSvnelovania sakiTxi, imis Taobaze, rom xandazmulobis vadaze miTiTeba pirvelad sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi dauSvebelia. aseT dros xandazmulobis vadaze mxaris mier miTiTeba SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqme dabrundeba qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloSi xelaxla gansaxilvelad.
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, xandazmulobis vadis sasamarTlo wesiT dadgenisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba xandazmulobis warmoSobis momentis garkvevas. ssk-is 130-e muxlis Tanaxmad, xandazmuloba iwyeba moTxovnis warmoSobis momentidan. moTxovnis warmoSobis momentad CaiTvleba dro, roca pirma Seityo an unda Seetyo uflebis darRvevis Sesaxeb. e.i. Tu xandazmulobis warmoSobis momentis dadgena obieqturad SeuZlebelia, yuradReba unda mieqces subieqtur moments, amasTan, igulisxmeba, rom xandazmulobis warmoSobis obieqturi da subieqturi momentebi Tanmxvedria, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mosarCele ar eTanxmeba xandazmulobis warmoSobis obieqturi da subieqturi momentebis Tanxvedras, maSin mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mas, imis gasarkvevad, Tu rodidan unda daiwyos xandazmulobis vadis aTvla.
satransporto saSualebis eqspluataciisas damdgari zianis anazRaureba
ssk muxli 999
1. mgzavrebis gadayvanisa da tvirTis gadazidvisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli satransporto saSualebis mflobeli, Tu misi satransorto saSualebis eqspluatacias mohyva adamianis sikvdili, dasaxiCreba an janmrTelobis moSla, anda nivTis dazianeba, valdebulia dazaralebuls aunazRauros aqedan warmoSobili ziani.
magaliTi 1
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-s mimarT da moiTxova miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba im motiviT, rom a SromiT urTierTobaSi iyo b-sTan da sargeblobda mis mier micemuli samgzavro bileTiT. elmavliT erT-erTi mgzavrobis dros, maSon rodesac a samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg brundeboda saxlSi, qvis TavSi moxvedris Sedegad miiRo travma da dakarga Sromis unari. a-m b-sgan moiTxova yovelTviuri sarCos anazRaureba. sakasacio palatam aRniSnuli SemTxveva ar miiCnia b-s braliT gamowveul zianad, xolo rac Seexeba, rogorc mometebuli safrTxis wyaros mflobelis mier zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebas, sakasacio sasamrTlom ar miiCnia dadmdgari ziani mometebuli safrTxis wyaros Sedegad damdgar zianad da ar daakmayofila a-s moTxovna b-s mimarT zianis anazRaurebis Taobaze.
komentari:
SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnasTan dakavSirebiT ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba saqarTvelos prezidentis 1999 wlis 9 oqtombris #48–e brZanebulebiT damtkicebuli ,,Sromis movaleobis Sesrulebisas muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianis anazRaurebis wesi~, samoqalaqo kodeqsi da Sromis kanonTa kodeqsi.
rodesac muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianis anazraurebis moTxovnazea saubari, pirvel rigSi unda gairkves Semdegi sakiTxebi:
1.miadga Tu ara muSakis janmrTelobas vneba uSualod SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebis dros da
2. bralis sakiTxi.
saqarTvelos Sromis kanonTa kodeqsis 155-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sawarmoebi, dawesebulebebi, organizaciebi materialurad pasuxismgeblebi arian muSakTa da mosamsaxureebisaTvis miyenebuli zianis gamo, rac gamowveulia SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas maTi dasaxiCrebis an janmrTelobis sxvagvari vnebiT.
saqarTvelos samoqaloqo kodeqsis 408-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad ki, Tu dazaralebuls sxeulis dazianebiT an janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad, waerTva Sromis unari an Seumcirda, mas unda aunazRaurdes es ziani YyovelTviuri sarCos gadaxdiT.
`SromiTi movaleobebis Sesrulebisas muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianis anazRaurebis wesis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebulebis me-2 muxlis Sesabamisad, damqiravebeli materialurad pasuxismgebelia muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianisaTvis, agreTve, im sawarmoo travmisaTvis, romelic moxda SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas organizaciis teritoriaze an mis farglebs gareT, agreTve, samuSaoze an samuSaos Semdeg mgzavrobisas damqiraveblis mier gamoyofil transportze. amave brZanebulebis me-3 muxli adgens damqiraveblis bralis arsebobis aucileblobas zianis anazRaurebisaTvis. aRniSnuli brZanebulebis me-5 muxlSi ki ganmartebulia, Tu ra CaiTvleba damqiraveblis braleulobiT damdgar zianad, kerZod: `muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis miyenebuli ziani iTvleba damqiraveblis braleulobiT, Tu igi moxda misgan Sromis kanonmdeblobis, Sromis dacvis wesebis, normebisa da sxva normatiuli aqtebis moTxovnaTa ugulebelyofiT an arasaTanado SesrulebiT~.
Tu muSaki Tavisi movaleobis Sesrulebisas marTavda elmavals da SromiTi dasaxiCreba miiRo samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas avtosatransporto saSualebis eqspluataciis Sedegad misi bralis gareSe, muSaks unda aunazRaurdes miyenebuli ziani. avtosatransporto saSualebis mflobeli am SemTxvevaSi calsaxad aris valdebuli aunazRauros muSaks ziani Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:
1. rogorc mometebuli safrTxis wyaros mflobelma, romlis avtosatransporto saSualebis eqspluatacias mohyva muSakisaTvis zianis miyeneba (ssk-is 999-e muxli);
2. rogorc damqiravebelma, romelic materialurad pasuxismgebelia muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianisaTvis (prezidentis 1999 wlis 9 oqtombris #48–e brZanebulebiT damtkicebuli ,,SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianis anazRaurebis wesis~ me-2 muxli).
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad ekisreba sawarmos muSakisaTvis mgzavrobis dros qvis TavSi moxvedris Sedegad zinis anazRaurebis movaleoba, warmoadgens Tu ara eqspluataciaSi myofi elmavlis fanjaraSi moxvedrili qva, eqspluataciis mometebuli safrTxis Sedegs, sakasacio palatam miiCnia, rom samgzavro ufaso bileTi sawarmos mier a-Tvis miniWebuli SeRavaTi iyo. samgzavro ufaso bileTi warmoadgens samgzavro SeRavaTs, romelic SeiZleba mieceT studentebs, invalidebs da a. S. igi aRniSnuli SeRavaTis mimniWebeli organizaciis miTiTebiT, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas TiTqmis yvela saxis sazogadoebrivi transportiT sargeblobis dros. ufaso samgzavro bileTi ar iTvleba zemoT xsenebuli brZanebulebiT gaTvaliswinebul `damqiraveblis mier gamoyofili transportiT uzrunvelyofad~. rac Seexeba ssk-is 999-e muxls, aRniSnuli muxlis Tanaxmad, mgzavrebis gadayvanisa da tvirTis gadazidvisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli satransporto saSualebis mflobeli, Tu misi satransporto saSualebis eqspluatacias mohyva adamianis sikvdili, dasaxiCreba an janmrTelobis moSla, anda nivTis dazianeba, valdebulia dazaralebuls aunazRauros aqedan warmoSobili ziani.
fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi, romlebic iyeneben mometebuli safrTxis wyaroebs, valdebuli arian aanazRauron ziani, romelic miyenebulia mometebuli safrTxis wyaros mier; satransporto saSualeba mometebul safrTxis wyaros miekuTvneba imis gamo, rom adamianis mxridan misi gamoyenebis dros sruli da garantirebuli kontrolis ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia da eqspluataciis dros adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis zianis miyenebis garkveuli SesaZlebloba arsebobs.
is specialuri norma, romelic mocemuli safrTxis wyaros mier miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebas iTvaliswinebs, gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ziani gamowveulia nivTis im TvisebebiT, ris gamoc is mometebul safrTxis wyaros ganekuTvneba, Tu ziani damdgaria Tundac mometebuli safrTxis wyaros eqspluataciis dros, magram ara mometebuli safrTxis wyaros Tvisebebidan gamomdinare, maSin pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba saerTo safuZvlebiT xdeba. ssk-is 999-e muxli satransporto saSualebis mflobels mxolod im SemTxvevaSi akisrebs pasuxismgeblobas, Tu darRveulia eqspluataciis wesebi. sakasacio palatas miaCnia, rom damqiravebels muSakisaTvis mometebuli safrTxis wyarodan miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba ekisreba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ziani warmoiSveba im mizezTa gamo, ris gamoc aRniSnuli mometebul safrTxis wyarod miiCneva anu Sedegi, yovelgvari gare faqtorebis zemoqmedebis gareSe, uSualo Sedegobriv kavSirSi unda iyos safrTxis mometebis gamomwvev mizezebTan. am SemTxvevaSi ziani gareSe faqtoris zemoqmedebis Sedegad dadga anu kasators ziani garedan nasroli qvis Sedegad miadga, rac avtosatransporto saSualebis mfloblis pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxveli garemoebaa.
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
sssk muxli 241
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes, Tu arsebobs 233-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi, an Tu mxaris gamoucxadebloba gamowveuli iyo sxva sapatio mizeziT, romlis Sesaxebac mas ar SeeZlo Tavis droze ecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis.
sssk muxli 233
1. sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia, Tu:
a) gamoucxadebeli mxare mowveuli ar iyo 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wsiT:
b) sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom adgili hqonda dauZlevel Zalas an sxva movlenebs, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT sasamarTloSi mxaris droulad gamocxadebisaTvis;
g) gamoucxadebel mxares droulad ar ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb;
d) ar arsebobs sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebi.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~, `b~ dan `g~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli erT-erTi garemobis arsebobisas sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvas sxva droisaTvis niSnavs, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs gamoucxadebel mxares da saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs, xolo `d~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebis arsebobisas, sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas 272-e muxlis Sesabamisad.
magaliTi 1
a-m quTaisis saolqo sasamarTloSi sarCeli aRZra b-s winaaRmdeg da moiTxova janmrTelobis vnebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba 20 000 lari erTdroulad da 100 lari yovelTviurad. sxdomaze ar gamocxadda b. b-s warmomadgenelma procesis dawyebamde (procesi CaniSnuli iyo 12 saaTze) warmoadgina gancxadeba da moiTxova saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba im motiviT, rom igi imave dRes monawileobas iRebda saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. quTaisis saolqo sasamarTlom b-s warmomadgenlis gancxadeba ar miiCnia sapatiod, vinaidan gancxadebas ar erTvoda ganmcxadeblis gamoucxadeblobis mizezis damadasturebeli dokumenti. amitom kolegiam daakmayofila a-s Suamdgomloba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Taobaze da 2005 wlis 18 Tebervlis dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebiT a-s sarCeli daakmayofila. b-s daakisra erTdroulad 20 000 larisa da yovelTviurad 100 laris gadaxda. miuxedavad imisa, rom mxarem warmoadgina cnoba, romelic adastirebda mis gancxadebaSi miTiTebul garemoebebs, aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba ZalaSi darCa imave sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 30 martis ganCinebiT, rac sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrda uzenaes sasamarTloSi. sakasacio palatam miaCnia, rom quTaisis saolqo sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 18 Tebervlis dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebiT Seilaxa mxaris sasamarTlo mosmenis ufleba, vinaidan sasamarTlom dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba gamoitana iseT pirobebSi, rodesac misTvis cnobili iyo mxaris gamocxadebisaTvis damabrkolebeli garemoebebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, da miuxedavad imisa, rom mxarem warmoadgina sapatio mizezis arsebobis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba, sasamarTlom es garemoeba ar gaiTvaliswina.
komentari:
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 241-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes, Tu arsebobs 233-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi an, Tu mxaris gamoucxadebloba gamowveuli iyo sxva sapatio mizeziT, romlis Sesaxebac mas ar SeeZlo Tavis droze ecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis.
amave kodeqsis 233-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~ punqtis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia, Tu sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom adgili hqonda dauZlevel Zalas an sxva movlenebs, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT sasamarTloSi mxaris droulad gamocxadebisaTvis.
zemoaRniSnuli muxlebis axsna-ganmartebidan naTlad Cans, rom mxaris gamoucxadeblobis sapatiod miCnevisaTvis ar aris dauZleveli Zalis arseboba savaldebulo, aramed Tundac mxolod `sxva movlenis~ arseboba, rasac mxaris gamocxadebisaTvis xelis SeSla SeeZlo, sakmarisia sxdomis gadadebisaTvis. Tu sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili gaxdeba mxaris gamoucxadeblobis damabrkolebeli gareoebebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, man unda uzrunvelyos samarTliani samarTalwarmoebis konstituciuri principis – dispoziciurobis – dacva da unda misces mxares saqmeSi monawileobis miRebis SesaZlebloba, Tundac mas eWvi eparebodes mxaris gamoucxadeblobis mizezebis sapatioobaSi. aRniSnuli gamomdinareobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis, rogorc saproceso dasjis meqanizmis, arsidan. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana mxolod maSin aris mizanSewonili, rodesac mxare Tavisi moqmedebiT an umoqmedobiT uars ganacxadebs saproceso TanamSromlobaze, anu rodesac mas aqvs procesze gamocxadebis SesaZlebloba, magram ar aqvs neba. sakasacio palata Tvlis, rom im pirobebSi, rodesac saxezea mopasuxis aSkarad gamoxatuli neba monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, magram amas xels uSlis garemoebebi, romelic SesaZloa misi uneburi SecdomiT, gaufrTxileblobiT aris gamowveuli, mis winaaRmdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis miReba dauSvebelia. amgvari gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi gamoucxadebloba unda CaiTvalos sapatiod da dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba gauqmdes.
sakasacio palatas miaCnia, rom dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis miRebis erT-erT pirobas imis varaudic warmoadgens, rom mopasuxem cno sarCeli, amitom dakarga interesi, rom daicvas Tavi. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana im mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, romelic sasamarTlos Seuqmnis rwmenas, rom mopasuxem cno sarCeli da dakarga sarCelisagan Tavis dacvis interesi, logikuri da gamarTlebulia, magram im mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, romlis gamoucxadeblobamac sasamarTlos ver Seuqmna amgvari rwmena, dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana gaumarTlebelia.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi saolqo sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili iyo, rogorc mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis mizezebis, aseve _ misi nebis Sesaxeb, raTa monawileoba mieRo saqmis ganxilvaSi da sarCelSi miTiTebuli argumentebis sawinaaRmdegod daeyenebina Tavisi moTxovnebi.
sakasacio palatas miaCnia, rom mxares gaaCnda samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 241-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva sapatio mizezi, ris safuZvelzec saolqo sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gaeuqmebina.
araqonebrivi zianisaTvis fuladi anazRaureba
ssk muxli 413
1. araqonebrivi zianisaTvis fuladi anazRaureba SeiZleba moTxovil iqnes mxolod kanoniT zustad gansazRvrul SemxvevebSi gonivruli da samarTliani anazRaurebis saxiT.
2. sxeulis dazianebis an janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis SemTxvevebSi dazaralebuls SeuZlia moiTxovos anazRaureba qonebrivi zianisTvisac.
magaliTi 1
a-m sasamarTloSi sarCeli aRZra gazeT X-sa da Jurnalist b-s winaaRmdeg da moiTxova moraluri zianis saxiT 7000 laris anazRaureba Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:
igi cnobil iqna dazaralebulad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, romliTac g-s daedo msjavri sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 19-137-e muxlis mesame nawiliT, 188-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT da Seefarda Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 4 wliT. dazaralebulis SuamdgomlobiT yvela sxdoma Catarda daxurulad.
aRniSnul faqtTan dakavSirebiT gazeT X-is Jurnalisti b-s mier gamoqveynda statia saTauriT – „gaupatiurebis mcdeloba gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT“. mosarCelis azriT aRniSnuli publikaciiT Jurnalistma daarRvia saqarTvelos konstituciiT, sk-is 413-e da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12, me-13 muxlebiT daculi misi uflebebi.
komentari:
araqonebrivi zianis anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebul davebSi gansakuTrebiT didia sasamarTlos roli, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom kanonmdebloba ar adgens arc araqonebrivi zianis cnebas da arc misi odenobis gamoTvlis raime wess, am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo praqtikis gaazreba gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens.
Tavisi arsiT araqonebrivi anu moraluri ziani aris fizikuri da fsiqologiuri tanjva, romelsac piri ganicdis ama Tu im sikeTis, umeteswilad ki aramaterialur faseulobaTa xelyofis gamo. vsaubrobT ra araqonebriv zianze, mxedvelobaSia misaRebi konkretuli sazogadoebis moraluri standartebi.
samoqalaqo kodeqsi gansazRvravs moraluri zianis anazRaurebis normatiul safuZvlebs.
konkretul SemTxvevaSi, sagazeTo publikaciaSi seqsualuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb utyuari cnobebi gamoqveynda, magram dazaralebulis saxelis srulad gamoyenebiT Seilaxa misi piradi cxovrebis saidumloeba, romelic konstituciuri Tavisuflebaa.
kanoni icavs pirovnebas piradi cxovrebis saidumloebis xelyofisagan da ara obieqts, anu piradi cxovrebis saidumloebas. aqedan gamomdinare, piradi cxovrebis uflebis darRveva ar xdeba mxolod yalbi cnobebis gamoqveynebiT, aramed maSinac roca isini sinamdviles Seesabameba, magram maTi sajaroobidan dacva piris cxovrebiseul interesSi Sedis. am SemTxvevaSi piradi cxovrebis Tavisufleba zRudavs gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas. yvela piris azrebi da emociebi daculia da misi nebis gareSe pirad cxovrebaSi SeWra misi uflebebis xelyofaa.
qonebrivi zianisagan gansxvavebiT, SedarebiT ufro rTuli dasadgenia, Tu ra odenobiT unda anazRaurdes moraluri ziani. am SemTxvevaSi xom ilaxeba piris sulieri faseulobebi, aramaterialuri sikeTe, romelic Tavis mxriv, Seufasebeli kategoriaa.
samoqalaqo kodeqsi adgens, rom araqonebrivi ziani unda anazRaurdes gonivruli da samarTliani anazRaurebis saxiT. Tu ra iTvleba gonivrul da samarTlian anazRaurebad faqtis sakiTxia da misi dadgena mTlianad sasamarTlos mixedulobazea damokidebuli.
SeuZlebelia anazRaurebis mizani iyos zianis sruli kompensireba. fuladi kompensacia am SemTxvevaSi ufro usiamovno gancxadebis gaqarwylebiskenaa mimarTuli. bunebrivia, araqonebrivi zianis anazRaurebis odenobis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli konkretuli piris damokidebuleba Tavisi uflebis xelyolfisadmi, magram amasTan, sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos sxva ufro obieqturi garemoebebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, yalbi da saxelis gamtexi cnobebis simZime da misi gavrcelebis farglebi.
SesaZlebelia pirs erTi qmedebiT miadges rogorc qonebrivi, ise araqonebrivi ziani, kanonmdebloba orive maTganis anazRaurebis SesaZleblobas iTvaliswinebs. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sakasacio palatam araerTxel ganmarta Semdegi:
moraluri zianis anazRaurebis moculobas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo mosarCelis moTxovnis safuZvelze. mosarCele uflebamosilia sasarCelo gancxadebaSi miuTiTos fuladi Tanxa, miyenebuli sulieri Tu fizikuri tkivilis kompensaciisaTvis, magram es moTxovna mosarCelis mxolod mosazrebaa da anazRaurebis moculobis gansazRvra sasamarTlos mixedulobiT unda gadawydes.
moraluri zianis anazRaurebas akisria sami funqcia:
pirveli _ daakmayofilos dazaralebuli; meore _ zemoqmedeba moaxdinos zianis mimyenebelze; mesame _ Tavidan aicilos pirovnuli uflebebis xelyofa sxva pirebis mier.
moraluri zianis anazRaurebis umTavres mizans ar Seadgens xelyofili uflebebis restitucia, radgan miyenebul zians fuladi ekvivalenti ar gaaCnia da SeuZlebelia misi sruli kompensacia. Zalian xSirad damdgari Sedegebis gamosworeba Seuqcevadi movlenaa da rogori didic ar unda iyos kompensacia, igi mainc ver aRudgens dazaralebuls xelyofamde arsebul sulier mdgomareobas. kompensaciis mizania mosarCelis gamarTleba sazogadoebis TvalSi da moraluri zianiT gamowveuli tkivilis Semsubuqeba. kompensacia mimarTulia uaryofiTi emociebis gasaqarwyleblad.
moraluri zianis anazRaurebis prevenciuli funqciis ganxorcielebisaTvis mniSvneloba eniWeba iseT faqtors, rogoricaa samarTaldarRvevis ganmeorebis saSiSroeba zianis mimyeneblis mier, magram prevenciuli funqciis gadametebam SesaZloa gamoiwvios fuladi kompensaciis uzomod gazrda da presis Tavisuflebis dausabuTebeli SezRudva.
kompensaciis odenoba usaSvelod ar unda iyos gazrdili da ar unda mowydes realobas, misi mizani ar unda iyos mopasuxis dasja, ris gamoc kompensaciis gansazRvris dros gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos mopasuxis qonebrivi mdgomareobac.
be
muxli 421. cneba
bed miiCneva fuladi Tanxa, romelsac xelSekrulebis erTi mxare aZlevs meore mxares da amiT dasturdeba xelSekrulebis dadebis faqti.
muxli 422. bes CaTvla gadasaxadis angariSSi
be CaiTvleba valdebulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli gadasaxdelis angariSSi, xolo, Tu ar CaiTvleba,- xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis Semdeg igi ukan unda dabrundes.
muxli 423. bes CaTvla zianis anazRaurebis angariSSi
1. Tu bes mimcemi braleulad daarRvevs masze dakisrebul valdebulebas, be rCeba mis mimRebs. amasTan, be CaiTvleba zianis anazRaurebis angariSSi.
2. Tu valdebulebis Seusrulebloba gamowveulia bes mimRebis braleuli moqmedebiT, man be ukan unda daabrunos ormagad. amasTan, bes mimcems SeuZlia moiTxovos zianis anazRaureba.
magaliTi 1
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-s mimarT da moiTxova ZiriTadi valis 1500 aSS dolaris dabruneba. mosarCelem ganmarta, rom mas surda mopasuxisagan binis Sesyidva, risTvisac winaswar gadaixada 1500 aSS dolari. aRniSnuli xelSekruleba, mopasuxis moTxovniT, notariuli wesiT gaformda, rogorc vadiani uprocento sesxis xelSekruleba. sesxis xelSekrulebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg mopasuxem mosarCeles arc bina mihyida da arc fuli daubruna.
mopasuxem sarCeli ar cno da miuTiTa, rom mosarCele marTlac apirebda misi kuTvnili saxlis 15 000 aSS dolarad Sesyidvas, raSic bes saxiT winaswar gadaixada 1500 aSS dolari, magram be ratomRac gaformda sesxis saxiT. saxlis gayidvaze mas uari arasdros ganucxadebia, magram, miuxedavad amisa, mosarCelem saxli ar SeiZina.
sasamarTlom aRniSnuli Tanxa miiCnia bed saTanado formis dacvis gareSe, Tumca, mxareebs Soris dadebuli xelSekruleba baTilad CaTvala rogorc formis daucvelad dadebuli (ssk-is 50-e muxli) da rogorc TvalTmaqcuri (ssk-is 56-e muxlis me-2 nawili). sasamarTlom ixelmZRvanela samoqalaqo kodeqsis 976-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ punqtiT, romlis Tanaxmadac pirs, romelmac sxvas valdebulebis Sesasruleblad raime gadasca, SeuZlia, viTom kreditors mosTxovos misi ukan dabruneba, Tu valdebuleba garigebis baTilobis an sxva safuZvlis gamo ar arsebobs da mosarCelis moTxovna daakmayofila.
magaliTi 2
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-s mimarT da miuTiTa, rom igi b-s avtomanqana „toiotas“ nasyidobis Taobaze SeuTanxmda. a-m SeTanxmebisamebr, winaswar gadaixada 1700 aSS dolari, xolo darCenili 800 dolari or TveSi manqaniT sargeblobiT miRebuli Semosavlidan unda gadaexada. a-s gancxadebiT, avtomanqanis wayvanidan meore dResve aRmoCnda, rom manqana teqnikurad gaumarTavi iyo, risTvisac a-m garkveuli periodis gasvlis Semdeg manqana saremontod profilaqtikaSi miiyvana. saremonto samuSaoebis dros b-m ZaliT waiyvana avtomanqa. a-m moiTxova gadaxdili 1800 dolaris dabruneba.
b-m Segebebuli sarCeli aRZra da aRniSna, rom manqana unaklo iyo. man moiTxova gadaxdili 1700 aSS dolaris bed CaTvla da misTvis datoveba a-s mxridan xelSekrulebiT SeTanxmebuli pirobebis darRvevis gamo.
sasamarTlom aRniSnuli xelSekruleba miiCnia ganvadebiT nasyidobis xelSekrulebad da ara bes Sesaxeb aqcesorul xelSekrulebad.
sasamarTlom ganvadebiT dadebul xelSekrulebasa da b-s Taobaze dadebul xelSekrulebas Soris gaavlo zRvari da aRniSna, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis 421-e muxlis Tanaxmad, bed miiCneva fuladi Tanxa, romelsac xelSekrulebis erTi mxare aZlevs meore mxares da amiT dasturdeba xelSekrulebis dadebis faqti. gansaxilveli normis Tanaxmad, be warmoadgens xelSekrulebis dadebis faqtis mtkicebulebas, romelic amavdroulad uzrunvelyofs ZiriTadi valdebulebis Sesrulebas. amdenad, be damatebiTi, aqcesoruli xelSekrulebaa, romelic ar arsebobs ZiriTadi valdebulebis gareSe da aramarto adasturebs mxareTa Soris ZiriTadi ufleba-valdebulebebis arsebobis faqts, aramed uzrunvelyofs valdebulebebis Sesrulebas. gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi ki ZiriTadi valdebuleba Sesrulebulia, anu manqana gadacemulia myidvelisaTvis da darCenilia myidvelis mxridan gamyidvelisaTvis nawili Tanxis gadaxda. amdenad, sasamarTlom daakmayofila a-s moTxovna da b-s daekisra a-s mier misTvis gadaxdili Tanxis ukan dabruneba, Sesabamisad, ar daakmayofila b-s moTxovna aRniSnuli Tanxis bed miCnevisa da misTvis datovebis Taobaze.
komentari:
be warmoadgens moTxovnis uzrunvelyofis erT-erT damatebiT saSualebas. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 421-e muxlis Tanaxmad, bed miiCneva fuladi Tanxa, romelsac xelSekrulebis erTi mxare aZlevs meore mxares da amiT dasturdeba xelSekrulebis dadebis faqti. imisaTvis, rom erTi mxaris mier meore mxarisaTvis gadacemuli fuladi Tanxa miviCnioT bed, aucilebelia, rom aRniSnuli samarTalurTierToba akmayofilebdes Semdeg pirobebs: 1. be SeiZleba iyos mxolod fuladi Tanxa, anu fulis gansazRvruli raodenoba, amitom kreditorisaTvis sxva qonebrivi sikeTis gadacema ar ganixileba bed. dReisaTvis `fuladi Tanxa~ gamoiyeneba uSualod fulis, anu banknotebisa da monetebis mniSvnelobiT; 2. bes saSualebiT SeiZleba mxolod saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis uzrunvelyofa.
be gadaicema gadasaxdeli Tanxis angariSSi. amitom igi CaiTvleba misi saSualebiT uzrunvelyofili valdebulebis Sesrulebisas. Tavad be ar warmoadgens ZiriTadi valdebulebis Sesrulebas. Tu movalem daiwyo ZiriTadi valdebulebis Sesruleba, Tundac arajerovnad, be xdeba Sesrulebis nawili da, aqedan gamomdinare, unda CaiTvalos nawilobriv gadaxdad.
bes gadacema xdeba xelSekrulebis dadebis dasadastureblad. am funqcias asrulebs mxolod gadacemuli be. gadacemulad unda CaiTvalos be, romelic gadaeca kreditors.
qonebis gadacema xelSekrulebis dadebisas aris garigeba, romelic iwvevs saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis warmoSobas. zogadi wesis mixedviT, qonebis gadacemis faqtis dadastureba realuri xelSekrulebis dadebisas eqvemdebareba am xelSekrulebis formisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs.
be unda ganvasxvavoT avansisagan, anu gadaxdisagan, romelic xorcieldeba valdebulebis Sesrulebis saxiT manam, sanam meore mxare Seasrulebs Semxvedr valdebulebas. xSirad avansis nacvlad gamoiyeneba termini `winaswari gadaxda~. avansis gadacema ar axdens gavlenas xelSekrulebis namdvilobaze. avansis bedi wydeba valdebulebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb zogadi wesebis mixedviT. valdebulebis Seusruleblobisas, avansi eqvemdebareba dabrunebas. avansis datoveba im mxaris mier, romelmac ar Seasrula valdebuleba, ganixileba usafuZvlo gamdidrebad.
Tu arsebobs eWvi imis Sesaxeb, gadaxdili Tanxa bea Tu avansi, ivaraudeba, rom igi warmoadgens avanss. sapirispiro prezumfcia gaumarTlebelia, radgan gamoiwvevda mxareebis mdgomareobis damZimebas maTi nebis sawinaaRmdegod. garda amisa, kanonmdeblis pozicia mimarTulia samoqalaqo brunvis gamartivebisaken da Tu araa dadasturebuli sawinaaRmdego, ivaraudeba, rom mxareebi irCeven ufro martiv da Cveul formas (avanss) da ara ufro rTuls.
Tu valdebulebis Seusruleblobaze pasuxismgebelia bes mimcemi, bed gadacemuli fuladi Tanxa rCeba meore mxares, xolo, Tu valdebulebis darRvevaze pasuxismgebelia bes mimRebi, igi valdebulia meore mxares ormagad gadauxados be. unda aRiniSnos, rom aRniSnuli wesebi moqmedebs mxolod maSin, roca mxareebi saerTod ar asruleben valdebulebas da ar vrceldeba arajerovan Sesrulebaze.
valdebulebis Seusrulebloba, bunebrivia, iwvevs zianis anazRaurebasac. be CaiTvleba zianis anazRaurebis TanxaSi. es niSnavs, rom, Tu valdebulebis Seusruleblobaze pasuxismgebelia bes mimcemi, man ziani unda aanazRauros im odenobiT, ra odenobiTac aRemateba bes Tanxas, xolo, Tu pasuxismgebelia bes mimRebi, meore mxares SeuZlia moiTxovos bes ormagad gadaxda da, garda amisa, zianis anazRaureba im odenobiT, ra odenobiTac igi aRemateba bes erTjerad Tanxas. am SemTxvevebSi ZiriTadi valdebuleba wydeba.
realurad saqarTveloSi besTan dakavSirebuli davebis simravlem ganapiroba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis Camoyalibeba. aRniSnuli kategoriis davebze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatam ganmarta Semdegi:
be warmoadgens xelSekrulebis dadebis faqtis mtkicebulebas, romelic amavdroulad uzrunvelyofs ZiriTadi valdebulebis Sesrulebas. amdenad, be damatebiTi, aqcesoruli xelSekrulebaa, romelic ar arsebobs ZiriTadi valdebulebis gareSe da aramarto adasturebs mxareTa Soris ZiriTadi ufleba-valdebulebebis arsebobis faqts, aramed uzrunvelyofs valdebulebebis Sesrulebas. sakasacio palatam ganmarta, rom be nasyidobis xelSekrulebis nawilia, misi gadacemiT dasturdeba mxareTa Soris nasyidobis xelSekrulebis dadeba da amitom igi gaformebuli unda iyos iseTive formiT, rogorc nasyidobis xelSekruleba. bes gadacema warmoadgens winare xelSekrulebas, romelic win uswrebs ZiriTad nasyidobis xelSekrulebas. sk-is 327-e muxlis III nawilis mixedviT, xelSekrulebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli forma vrceldeba aseve winare xelSekrulebazedac. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ZiriTadi xelSekrulebisaTvis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli formis dacva savaldebuloa winare xelSekrulebis, mocemul SemTxvevaSi `bes~ gacemis gaformebisas. ssk-is 323-e muxlis Tanaxmad, xelSekruleba, romliTac erTi mxare iRebs valdebulebas, uZrav nivTze sakuTreba gadasces sxvas an SeiZinos igi, unda damowmdes sanotaro wesiT. ssk-is 59-e muxlis I nawilis mixedviT, baTilia kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli aucilebeli formis daucvelad dadebuli garigeba. amave kodeqsis 328-e muxlis Sesabamisad, Tu kanoniT xelSekrulebis namdvilobisaTvis dadgenilia gansazRvruli forma, maSin xelSekruleba ZalaSi Sedis mxolod am formis Sesaxeb moTxovnis Sesrulebis Semdeg. amdenad, Tu mxareebs Soris daideba xelSekruleba uZravi qonebis Sesaxeb, am xelSekrulebis dadebis damadasturebel uzrunvelyofis saSualeba – bes saxiT gadaxdili Tanxa (romelsac sagadamxdelo funqciac akisria samoqalaqo kodeqsis 416-e da 422-e muxlebi) im formis dacviT unda gaformdes, rogor formasac iTvaliswinebs uZravi qonebis nasyidobis xelSekruleba. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, radgan uZravi nivTis nasyidobis xelSekruleba sanotaro wesiT unda damowmdes, am xelSekrulebis dasadastureblad bes gadacema amave wesiT unda gaformdes, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, xelSekruleba, saTanado formis daucvelobis gamo, baTilad CaiTvleba, xolo, Tu aRniSnuli xelSekruleba baTilad CaiTvleba, maSin urTierTobis mosawesrigeblad gamoiyeneba usafuZvlo gamdidrebis maregulirebeli samarTlebrivi normebi. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 976-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ punqtis Sesabamisad, pirs, romelmac sxvas valdebulebis Sesasruleblad raime gadasca, SeuZlia viTom kreditors mosTxovos misi ukan dabruneba, Tu valdebuleba garigebis baTilobis an sxva safuZvlis gamo ar arsebobs.
sxeulis dazianebis an janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad materialuri da moraluri zianis anazRaureba
muxli 992. cneba
piri, romelic sxva pirs marTlsawinaaRmdego, ganzraxi an gaufrTxilebeli moqmedebiT miayenebs zians, valdebulia aunazRauros mas es ziani.
muxli 413. zianis anazRaureba araqonebrivi zianisaTvis
1. araqonebrivi zianisaTvis fuladi anazRaureba SeiZleba moTxovil iqnes mxolod kanoniT zustad gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi gonivruli da samarTliani anazRaurebis saxiT.
2. sxeulis dazianebis an janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis SemTxvevebSi dazaralebuls SeuZlia moiTxovos anazRaureba araqonebrivi zianisTvisac.
magaliTi 1
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-s mimarT da moiTxova mopasuxisaTvis moraluri zianis saxiT 2000 laris dakisreba.
mosarCelem Tavisi moTxovna imiT daasabuTa, b-m mas miayena sxeulis ganzrax msubuqi dazianeba. raionuli sasamarTlos ganaCeniT a-saTvis janmrTelobis ganzrax msubuqi dazianebisaTvis b cnobil iqna damnaSaved da sasjelis saxiT Seefarda jarima, xolo amave raionuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT masve daekisra a-s sasargeblod materialuri zianis 205 laris gadaxda.
sasamarTlom gaiTvaliswina is garemoeba, rom b-s mis mier Cadenili danaSaulisaTvsi Seefarda sisxlissamrTlebrivi sasjeli, agreTve mopasuxis asaki, socialuri mdgomareoba, is faqti, rom materialuri zianis anazRaurebis saxiT mas ukve dakisrebuli hqonda garkveuli Tanxa da moraluri zianis sakompensaciod daakisra 200 lari.
magaliTi 2
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-s mimarT da moiTxova zianis sakompensaciod 3000 laris dakisreba, Semdegi safuZvlebiT: b-m a-s miayena sxeulis mZime dazianeba, ris gamoc mosarCelis janmrTeloba gauaresda da mas dasWirda mkurnalobis xarjebis gaReba. raionuli sasamarTlos ganaCeniT b cnobil iqna damnaSaved saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 121-e muxliT da miesaja pirobiTi msjavri 3 wlis vadiT.
mopasuxem sarCeli ar cno da ganmarta, rom danaSaulis mizezi iyo a-s braleuli moqmedeba, ramac mopasuxe miiyvana Zlieri sulieri aRelvebis mdgomareobamde. mkurnalobisa da wamlebis Rirebuleba mosarCelem xelovnurad gazarda.
sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebis dakisreba da am anazRaurebis moculobis gansazRvra unda momxdariyo mxareTa braleulobis xarisxiT, kerZod, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Seuwyo Tu ara xeli dazaralebulis moqmedebam zianis dadgomas da ufro metad romel mxares miuZRvoda brali zianis dadgomaSi.
magaliTi 3
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi ss `b-s~ mimarT zianis _ 15000 aSS dolaris odenobiT anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, Semdegi safuZvlebiT: ss `b~ kaxeTis gzatkecilis saval nawilze awarmoebda saremonto-sareabilitacio samuSaoebs, rac amave wlis 31 agvistos droebiT SeCerda. imave dRes 3.45 saaTze mosarCele moZraobda ra Tavisi avtomanqaniT daaxloebiT 70km siCqariT TbilisSi, kaxeTis gzatkecilze, gzis mesame rigSi, daejaxa saremonto samuSaoebisaTvis iqve dayril qva-RorRs, ris Sedegad mosarCelem da misma meuRlem miiRes sxeulis msubuqi dazianebebi, xolo avtomanqana imdenad dazianda, rom misi aRdgena SeuZlebeli gaxda. mopasuxem daarRvia `sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb~ kanonis 21-e muxlis meTxuTmete punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi samuSaoTa warmoebis adgilze Sesabamisi sagzao niSnebis, mimaniSnebeli da SesaRobi mowyobilobebis, RamiT da arasakmarisi xilvadobis pirobebSi damatebiTi wiTel-yviTeli sasinaTlo naTurebis damontaJebis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlom zianis anazRaurebis Tanxis odenobis gansazRvrisas gaiTvaliswina is garemoeba, rom avtosagzao SemTxvevas xeli Seuwyo dazaralebulis moqmedebamac, romelmac daarRvia `sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb~ kanonis 29-e muxlis pirveli punqtis moTxovnebi, ar gaiTvaliswina meteorologiuri pirobebi, ar gauwia mudmivi kontroli misi marTvis qveS myofi avtomanqanis moZraobas, nacvlad 60 km.sT siCqarisa, moZraobda 70 km.sT siCqariT da sasarCelo moTxovna nawilobriv daakmayofila.
magaliTi 4
a-m da arasrulwlovan b-s warmomadgenelma g-m sarCeli aRZres sasamarTloSi mopasuxe Sps „d-sa“ da ss „e-s“ mimarT janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebiT gamowveuli materialuri da moraluri zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, Semdegi safuZvlebiT: a-s kuTvnil miwis nakveTze aSenda eleqtroqvesadguri. 1965 wlidan, TviTon da misi ojaxis wevrebi dasaqmebuli iyvnen am qvesadgurSi. 1991 wels gardaecvala mama - v, 1998 wels – deda, z. maTi gardacvalebis mizezi iyo gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemis mwvave daavadeba. garda amisa, v-s dadgenili hqonda filtvebis, xolo z-s _ sarZeve jirkvlebis kibo. amave ojaxSi cxovrobda a-s 14 wlis disSvili b, romelic daavadda mwvave leikoziT. aRniSnuli daavadebebi gamowveulia eleqtroqvesadguris eqspluataciisa da eleqtroenergetikuli danadgarebis teqnikuri usafrTxoebis wesebis darRveviT, ris gamoc isini iZulebuli gaxdnen gamoecvalaT sacxovrebeli adgili. qvesadguris mflobelisagan a-s ojaxma ganicada rogorc moraluri, ise materialuri ziani.
sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom udavod dadgenili iyo kavSiri mosarCeleTa mimarT damdgar ziansa da mopasuxeTa uxeS gaufrTxilebel umoqmedobas Soris da daakmayofila mosarCeleebis moTxovna.
komentari:
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 992-e muxli eZRvneba e.w deliqtur valdebulebebs, romlebic gansakuTrebul jgufad gamoiyofoda jer kidev romis samarTalSi. aRniSnuli valdebuleba warmoiSoba dazaralebulis absoluturi subieqturi samoqalaqo uflebebis darRvevis Sedegad, atarebs arasaxelSekrulebo xasiaTs da mimarTulia miyenebuli qonebrivi an moraluri zianis anazRaurebisaken. deliqturi valdebulebebi atarebs fardobiT xasiaTs, radganac warmoiSoba zianis miyenebis Sedegad konkretul pirebs Soris, kerZod, dazaralebuls, romelic uflebamosilia moiTxovos zianis anazRaureba (kreditori) da zianis mimyenebels Soris, romelic valdebulia aanazRauros ziani (movale).
ssk-is 992-e muxlis Tanaxmad, anazRaurebas eqvemdebareba nebismieri ziani, miyenebuli moqalaqis pirovnebis an qonebisaTvis, aseve ziani, miyenebuli iuridiuli piris qonebisaTvis.
zianis qveS, romelic, rogorc wesi, srulad anazRaurdeba, pirvel rigSi, igulisxmeba, dazaralebulis subieqturi samoqalaqo uflebebis darRvevis qonebrivi Sedegebi. amasTan, Tavad darRveuli uflebebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc qonebrivi, ise piradi xasiaTis. ziani SeiZleba gamoixatos dazaralebulis qonebis ganadgurebiT an dazianebiT, gaSvebuli mogebis, dazaralebulis mier gamomuSavebis dakargvis an SemcirebiT, misi Sromisunarianobis Semcirebis gamo da a.S. zianis erT-erTi saxea aseve e.w. moraluri ziani, gamoxatuli dazaralebulis fizikur an sulier tanjvaSi, misi uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis darRvevis gamo.
zogadi wesis mixedviT, dazaralebuls zians Tavad mimyenebeli unazRaurebs. amasTan, zog SemTxvevaSi zianis anazRaurebis valdebuleba awevs im pirebs, romlebic Tavad ar arian zianis mimyeneblebi, magram pasuxismgebeli arian im piris qmedebaze, romelmac miayena ziani. aseT SemTxvevebs adgens kanoni, rac gamoricxavs xelSekrulebis saSualebiT SeTanxmebas.
deliqturi pasuxismgeblobis erT-erTi principi aris zianis srulad anazRaureba. es niSnavs, rom dazaralebuls unda aunazRaurdes yvela qonebrivi danakargi, rogorc realuri, aseve gaSvebuli mogeba. miyenebuli zianis odenobis mtkicebis tvirTi awevs dazaralebuls.
am principidan arsebobs gamonaklisebi. rig SemTxvevebSi zianis anazRaureba SeiZleba aRematebodes miyenebul zians an piriqiT, srulad ar faravdes mas. kompensaciis gadaxda miyenebuli zianisaTvis SeiZleba dadgenili iyos kanoniT an xelSekrulebiT. praqtikaSi aseT anazRaurebas adgili aqvs piris janmrTelobisaTvis zianis miyenebis an sxeulis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi.
asanazRaurebeli zianis odenobis Semcireba dasaSvebia mxolod kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi, magram ara xelSekrulebis safuZvelze. es dasaSvebia ukiduresi aucileblobisas zianis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi, aseve dazaralebulis bralis arsebobisas.
rac Seexeba moralur zians, Selaxuli sikeTis xasiaTidan gamomdinare da sulieri tanjvis xarisxis zustad gansazRvris SeuZleblobis gamo, ufro marTebulia zianis ara srulad anazRaureba, aramed, misi kompensacia, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia saerTod.
pasuxismgeblobis aucilebeli pirobaa zianis mimyeneblis bralis arseboba. brali gamoixateba ganzraxvis an gaufrTxileblobis formiT, romelic, Tavis mxriv, iyofa Cveulebriv da uxeS gaufrTxileblobad. bralis formas, zogadi wesis mixedviT, zianis anazRaurebisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs, garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa. mniSvnelovania mxolod is, rom zianis mimyeneblis moqmedeba iyos braleuli. bralis forma ar axdens gavlenas kompensaciis odenobazec.
garda amisa, samoqalaqo samarTali uSvebs zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebis dakisrebas im pirebisaTvis, romlebsac ar miuZRviT brali damdgar zianSi, radganac es aris gamonaklisi zogadi wesidan, aseTi SemTxvevebi pirdapir unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli kanoniT. maT miekuTvneba mometebuli safrTxis wyaros mier miyenebuli ziani, zianis miyeneba ukiduresi aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi da a.S
deliqturi valdebulebis warmoSobis erT-erTi piroba aris zianis mimyeneblis qmedebis aramarTlzomiereba, raSic igulisxmeba sxvisi subieqturi uflebebis yovelgvari darRveva, saTanado uflebamosilebis arqonis SemTxvevaSi. vinaidan aRniSnuli ikrZaleba kanoniT, uflebis damrRvevi amavdroulad arRvevs kanons, romelic icavs pirebis uflebebs, Tavisuflebebsa da kanonier interesebs. aramarTlzomieri SeiZleba iyos rogorc moqmedeba, ise umoqmedoba.
Tumca, zogjer, ziani dgeba marTlzomieri qmedebis Sedegad. aseTi ziani anazRaurdeba mxolod kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. ase, magaliTad, ar anazRaurdeba aucilebeli mogeriebis Sedegad miyenebuli ziani, radganac momgerieblis moqmedeba miCneulia marTlzomierad. marTlzomieria aseve zianis miyeneba damnaSavis Sepyrobisas, xulignobis aRkveTisas, avadmyofi cxovelis Sepyrobisas da a.S. marTlzomieri qmedebis Sedegad damdgari zianis anazRaurebis magaliTi, romelic kanoniTaa gaTvaliswinebuli, aris ukiduresi aucileblobisas miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba.
moraluri ziani gansazRvrulia, rogorc fizikuri an sulieri tkivili. macalkevebeli kavSiri `an~ uSvebs moraluri zianis arsebobas rogoc mxolod fizikuri an sulieri tkivilisas, ise orivesi erTdroulad.
moraluri zianis kompensacia, zogadi wesis mixedviT, SesaZlebelia mxolod piradi araqonebrivi uflebebis darRvevisas. sxva SemTxvevebi pirdapir unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli kanoniT.
moraluri zianis kompensacia xdeba fuladi saxiT. arc samoqalaqo kodeqsi, arc sxva kanonebi ar iTvaliswinebs moraluri zianis odenobis gansazRvris zust wess. kanonmdebloba Semoifargleba mxolod im kriteriumebis gansazRvriT, romliTac sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos moraluri zianis kompensaciis odenobis gansazRvrisas, sasamarTlo, pirvel rigSi, mxedvelobaSi Rebulobs zianis mimyeneblis bralis xarisxs. brali samoqalaqo samarTalSi aris pasuxismgeblobis piroba da ara zoma, Tumca mocemul SemTxvevaSi daSvebulia gamonaklisi, amitom kompensaciis odenobis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos zianis mimyeneblis damokidebuleba mis mier Cadenili qmedebisadmi.
fizikuri tanjva ivaraudeba mxolod sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis zianis miyenebisas, magram am SemTxvevaSic moTxovnili kompensaciis odenobis dasasabuTeblad unda damtkicdes fizikuri tanjvis xarisxi.
Tu moraluri ziani eqvemdebareba kompensacias qonebriv zianTan erTad (piris janmrTelobisaTvis zianis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi man ganicada sulieri tkivili, amasTan hqonda xarjebi mkurnalobasa da reabilitaciasTan dakavSirebiT), moraluri zianis odenoba ubralod ar unda daematos qonebrivi zianis odenobas, Tumca sasamarTlo praqtika zogjer am gziT midis. yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi kompensaciis odenobis gansazRvrisaTvis, sasamarTlom unda daadginos piris individualur TaviseburebebTan dakavSirebuli fizikuri da sulieri tkivilis xarisxi, zianis mimyeneblis brali (im SemTxvevebSi, roca es pasuxismgeblobis aucilebeli pirobaa) da sxva yuradsaRebi garemoebebi.
deliqtur samarTalSi saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos SemuSavebuli aqvs erTiani praqtika. deliqturi samarTalurTierTobidan warmoSobili davebis ganxilvisas sakasacio sasamarTlom ganmarta Semdegi:
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 992-e muxlis Tanaxmad, piri, romelic sxva pirs marTlsawinaaRmdego, ganzraxi an gaufrTxilebeli moqmedebiT miayenebs zians, valdebulia aunazRauros mas es ziani. mocemuli muxliT pirs zianis anazRaureba ekisreba, Tu arsebobs zianis miyenebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis pirobebi, kerZod, Tu saxezea ziani, ziani miyenebulia marTlsawinaaRmdego moqmedebiT, marTlsawinaaRmdego moqmedebasa da zians Soris arsebobs mizezobrivi kavSiri da brali zianis mimyenebels miuZRvis.
samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs piris braleulobis xarisxs im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ar aris gamoricxuli varaudi imisa, rom zianis warmoSobas an gazrdas xeli Seuwyo dazaralebulis moqmedebam. samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT, zianis mimyenebelma pasuxi unda agos mxolod sakuTari braleuli moqmedebisaTvis anu misi pasuxismgebloba unda Semoifarglos mis mier ganxorcielebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebiT. aRniSnuli gamomdinareobs samoqalaqo kodeqsis 415-e muxlis pirveli nawilidan, romlis Tanaxmad, Tu zianis warmoSobas xeli Seuwyo dazaralebulis moqmedebamac, maSin zianis anazRaurebis valdebuleba da am anazRaurebis moculoba damokidebulia imaze, Tu ufro metad romeli mxaris braliT aris ziani gamowveuli. amave kodeqsis 326-e muxlis Sesabamisad ki wesebi saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis Sesaxeb gamoiyeneba aseve sxva arasaxelSekrulebo valdebulebaTa mimarT, Tuki valdebulebis xasiTidan sxva ram ar gamomdinareobs.
saqmis faqtobrivad ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebis dakisreba da am anazRaurebis moculobis gansazRvra unda moaxdinos mxareTa braleulobis xarisxiT, kerZod, sasamarTlom unda imsjelos Seuwyo Tu ara xeli dazaralebulis moqmedebam zianis dadgomas da ufro metad romel mxares miuZRvis brali zianis dadgomaSi. am mimarTebiT sasamarTlom unda imsjelos dazaralebulis marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebaze, misi bralis formasa da xarisxze.
deliqturi valebulebidan warmoSobili moraluri zianis anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi palatam ganmarta, rom TiToeul konkretul SemTxvevaSi moraluri zianis anazRaureba ganisazRvreba ara ekvivalentobis principiT, aramed, saqmis individualuri Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, moraluri zianis xarisxisa da xasiaTis, aseve dazaralebulisa da zaralis mimyeneblis qonebrivi mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
binis privatizeba
magaliTi 1
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b-s winaaRmdeg da moiTxova anderZis baTilad cnoba ESemdeg garemoebaTa gamo: sadavo binaze privatizeba ganxorcielda 1992 wels, am droisaTvis binaSi Cawerilebi iyvnen a, b (a-s dedamTili), g (a-meuRle) da d (a- Svili). privatizeba ganxorcielda b-s saxelze. g-s gardacvalebis Semdeg sadavo binaSi cxovrebas ganagrZobda mxolod b. vinaidan privatizebis Sedegad mTeli qoneba aRiricxa mxolod b-s saxelze, amitom am ukanasknelma mTeli bina Svilis gardacvalebis Semdeg uanderZa SviliSvil d-s. aRniSnul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT sakasacio palatam ganmarta: „saqarTvelos respublikaSi binebis privatizaciis (usasyidlod gadacemis) Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos ministrTa kabinetis 1992 wlis 1 Tebervlis #107 dadgenilebis me-5 punqtis Tanaxmad, sacxovrebeli saxli (bina) usasyidlod gadaeca saqarTvelos respublikis moqalaqeebs, romlebic am saxlis (binis) damqiraveblebi an damqiraveblis ojaxis wevrebi arian. aRniSnuli punqtiT saxelmwifom yvela im moqalaqes, romelic dadgenili wesiT iyo Casaxlebuli binaSi, damqiravebeli iqneboda igi, Tu misi ojaxis wevri, misca saSualeba, gamxdariyo binis mesakuTre. am dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, privatizebis dros binaSi mcxovrebi yvela piri, maT Soris arasrulwlovanic, unda CaiTvalos binis potenciur TanamesakuTred imis miuxedavad, ojaxis romeli wevris saxelze moxda binis privatizeba. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sakasacio palatam CaTvala, rom ramdenadac privatizebaSi monawileoba miiRo oTxma pirma, TiToeulma maTganma sadavo binaze moipova sakuTrebis ufleba sadavo binis 1\4-ze. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom a-s meuRlis g-s gardacvalebis Semdeg sadavo binaSi cxovrebas agrZelebda gardacvlilis deda – b. palatam miuTiTa samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1336-e muxlze, 1421-e muxlis mesame nawilze da daaskvna, rom b-m, rogorc g-s pirveli rigis memkvidrem, faqtobrivi flobiT miiRo misi gardacvlili Svilis kuTvnili wili binis 1\4 da misi wili sadavo binaSi ganisazRvra 2\4 wiliT (anu 1/2). palatam ixelmZRvanela samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1404-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT da miuTiTa, rom b-s mier gaformebuli anderZi, romliTac man sadavo bina uanderZa d-s, nawilobriv baTilia, vinaidan, misi sakuTreba sadavo binaSi warmoadgenda 1\2-s, danarCeni 1\2 samkvidro qonebaSi ar Sedioda. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saapelacio palatam sadavo anderZi baTilad cno binis 1\2 nawilze.
magaliTi 2
a-m da b-m sasamarTloSi sarCeli aRZres g-s, baTumis qarxnisa da notarius d-s mimarT da moiTxoves privatizebis xelSekrulebis gauqmeba. mosarCeleebma ganmartes, rom mravalricxovan ojaxTan erTad sacxovrebeli farTis simciris gamo SeiWrnen baTumis qarxnis kuTvnili baga-baRis SenobaSi. q. baTumis meriis gadawyvetilebiT. aRniSnuli baga-baRi mTlianad Cairicxa sacxovrebel fondSi da danawilda konkretul mosaxleebze, maT Soris mosarCeleebzec. mogvianebiT gairkva, rom qarxanam maT sargeblobaSi arsebul farTis nawilze sabinao orderi gadasca g-s, romelmac moaxdina sadavo farTis privatizeba.
sasamarTlom umarTebulod miiCnia kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sps-s qonebis gaigiveba saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi fondis qonebasTan. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom mesakuTres Tavisi qoneba privatizaciis xelSekrulebiT ar unda gadaeca SemZenisaTvis, radganac kerZo pirebs Soris qonebis usasyidlod sakuTrebaSi gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli valdebulebiTi samarTlebrivi urTierToba unda mowesrigdes sk-is Sesabamisi normebiT.
komentari:
vinaidan 90-iani wlebidan saqarTveloSi moxda sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvla da kerZo sakuTrebis damkvidreba, normaluri sakuTrebiTi urTierTobebis CamoyalibebisTvis aucilebeli gaxda saxelmwifo sakuTrebis kerZo samarTlis subieqtebisaTvis gadacema. privatizeba zogadad niSnavs fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis an maTi gaerTianebebis mier saxelmwifo qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis SeZenas, ris Sedegadac saxelmwifo kargavs privatizebuli qonebis flobis, sargeblobisa da gankargvis, saxelmwifo organoebi ki – misi marTvis uflebebs.
privatizebis normatiul safuZvlebs adgens kanoni „saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis Sesaxeb“. kerZod, me-2 muxlis pirvel punqtSi aRniSnulia, rom saxelmwifo qonebis privatizeba xorcieldeba saqarTvelos konstituciis, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis, am kanonisa da agreTve im kanonqvemdebare aqtebis safuZvelze, romlebic 90-iani wlebis dasawyisidan dRemde iqna miRebuli am sferoSi.
pirveli normatiuli aqti, romelic privatizebis process awesrigebda da win uswrebda saqarTvelos konstitucias, iyo saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis 1992 wlis 1 Tebervlis dadgenileba, `saqarTvelos respublikaSi binebis privatizaciis (usasyidlod gadacemis) Sesaxeb“.
aRniSnuli dadgenilebis mizani iyo saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi sabinao fondis moqalaqeTaTvis sakuTrebaSi gadacema. dadgenileba iTvaliswinebda privatizebis xelSekrulebis gaformebas sabinao-samSeneblo kooperativis wevrsa da gamgeobas Soris. xelSekrulebis namdvilobis winapiroba iyo, rom kooperativis wevrs mTlianad unda hqonoda gadaxdili sacxovrebeli binis Rirebuleba.
imisaTvis, rom samarTlebrivi urTierToba privatizebis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobiT mowesrigdes, aucilebelia privatizebis obieqtis anu saxelmwifo qonebis arseboba. Tu ra CaiTvleba saxelmwifo qonebad, dadgenilia „saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoniT, agreTve saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis 1992 wlis 1 Tebervlis dadgenilebis me-2 punqtiT.
dauSvebelia kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piris kuTvnili qonebis saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi fondis qonebasTan gaigiveba. kerZo pirebs Soris sakuTrebis gadacema wesrigdeba samoqalaqo kodeqsis Sesabamisi normebiT da dauSvebelia maT Soris privatizebis xelSekrulebis gaformeba.
privatizebis xelSekrulebis sayofacxovrebo bunebidan gamomdinare, xSiria aRniSnuli samarTalurTierTobebidan warmoSobili davebi, romelTa mimarTebiTac saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom moaxdina „saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis normis interpretacia da SeimuSava erTgvarovani praqtika.
saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis 1992 wlis 1 Tebervlis dadgenilebis me-2 punqtiT, moqalaqes mis mier dakavebuli sacxovrebeli saxli (bina) sakuTrebaSi gadaecema mxolod ojaxis yvela srulwlovani wevris TanxmobiT, amave dadgenilebis me-5 punqtiT ki dadginda, rom sacxovrebeli saxli (bina) usasyidlod gadaecema saqarTvelos respublikis moqalaqeebs, romlebic am sacxovrebeli saxlis (binis) damqiraveblebi an damqiraveblis ojaxis wevrebi arian; aRniSnuli normebis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, privatizebul binebze sakuTrebis ufleba mieca yvela im pirs, romelsac binis privatizebis droisaTvis sacxovrebel farTobze ufleba mopovebuli hqonda; amasTan, dadgenilebis meore punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanxmoba gamoxatavs mxolod binis erT-erTi damqiraveblis mesakuTred aRricxvaze Tanxmobas da ara sakuTrebis uflebaze uaris Tqmas. aRniSnuli dadgenilebiT saxelmwifom sakuTrebis ufleba mianiWa binis yvela damqiravebels da Tu am ukanasknels dadgenili wesiT uari ar ganucxadebia sakuTrebaze, igi binis mesakuTres warmoadgens, miuxedavad imisa, warmoadgens Tu ara igi privatizebis xelSekrulebis mxares, Tu piri privatizebis periodSi amowerili ar yofila sadavo farTidan, aseve ar yofila cnobili farTze uflebadakargul pirad, Sesabamisad, misi moTxovna cnobil iqnes sadavo binis Tavisi kuTvnili wilis mesakuTred, samarTlebrivad gamarTlebulia.
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis usasyidlo privatizebiT, marTalia, saxelmwifo aRniSnul qonebas usasyidlod gadascems moqalaqes, magram es urTierToba ar aris samoqalaqo kodeqsiT dadgenili Cuqebis saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis identuri. saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis 1992 wlis 1 Tebervlis #107 dadgenilebis me-5 punqtis Tanaxmad, am dadgenilebis safuZvelze ganxorcielebuli privatizebisas sacxovrebeli saxli (bina) usasyidlod gadaecemodaT saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs, romlebic am sacxovrebeli saxlis (binis) damqiraveblebi an damqiraveblis ojaxis wevrebi iyvnen. amdenad, saxelmwifom rogorc damqiravebels, ise misi ojaxis wevrebs misca saSualeba, gamxdariyvnen binis mesakuTreebi. amitom, samarTlebrivad qonebaze ufleba mopovebuli aqvs ara marto im pirs, romlis saxelzec ganxorcielebulia privatizeba, aramed imasac, vinc privatizebis droisaTvis damqiravebeli an misi ojaxis wevri iyo, anu aRniSnuli normatiuli aqti ar ayenebs sacxovrebeli saxlis (binis) arc erT damqiravebels an mis ojaxis wevrs priviligirebul mdgomareobaSi. gansaxilveli normatiuli aqtis Tanaxmad, sacxovrebeli saxlis (binis) damqiraveblebi an misi ojaxis wevrebi gamoTqvamen nebas, Tavisi konstituciuri uflebis realizaciis mizniT, sakuTrebaSi miiRon sacxovrebeli saxli (bina), romelic maT gadacemuli hqondaT sargeblobaSi. `saqarTvelos ssr sabinao kodeqsis” me-60 muxlis pirveli abzacis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi sabinao fondis saxlebSi sacxovrebeli sadgomis qiravnobis xelSekruleba ideba werilobiT sacxovrebeli sadgomis orderis safuZvelze gamqiravebels _ sabinao-saeqspluatacio organizaciisa da damqiravebels _ moqalaqes Soris, romlis saxelzec gacemulia orderi. amave kodeqsis 62-e muxlis pirveli abzacis pirveli winadadebis Tanaxmad, gansazRvrulia aseve im pirTa ufleba-valdebulebebi, romlebic damqiraveblis ojaxis wevrebi arian da masTan erTad cxovroben. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT ara aqvT dadebuli sacxovrebeli sadgomis qiravnobis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba, isini sargebloben yvela uflebiT da ekisrebaT yvela movaleoba sacxovrebeli sadgomis qiravnobis xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare. amave abzacis me-2 winadadebis Tanaxmad, ojaxis srulwlovan wevrebs damqiravebelTan erTad ekisrebaT solidaruli qonebrivi pasuxismgebloba aRniSnuli xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare valdebulebebisaTvis.
sakasacio palatam ganmarta, rom saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis 1992 wlis 1 Tebervlis #107 dadgenilebiT ganisazRvra ufleba, romlis realizaciis faqtobriv safuZvels warmoadgens `saqarTvelos ssr sabinao kodeqsis” Tanaxmad sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobis faqti, rac aseve danarCen damqiraveblebsac gaaCniaT. amasTan, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sargeblobis ufleba erT SemTxvevaSi, warmoiSoba werilobiTi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi, damqiravebelTan mcxovrebi ojaxis wevrobis safuZvelze. ojaxis wevrebs gaaCniaT yvela is ufleba, romliTac sargeblobs damqiravebeli. amrigad, saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis 1992 wlis 1 Tebervlis #107 dadgenilebiT miniWebuli uflebis realizacia vrceldeba damqiravebelTan erTad mcxovreb yvela ojaxis wevrze da, miuxedavad imisa, rom sakuTrebis ufleba maTi TanxmobiT SeiZleba aRiricxos erT-erT damqiravebelze, saerTo uflebebTan erTad maT ekisrebaT sargeblobidan gamomdinare mesakuTris yvela valdebuleba. aRniSnuli debuleba daculia aseve dadgenilebis me-5 punqtis pirveli abzaciT, romlis Tanaxmad, sacxovrebeli saxli (bina) usasyidlod gadaecemaT saqarTvelos respublikis moqalaqeebs, romlebic am sacxovrebeli saxlis (binis) damqiraveblebi an damqiraveblis ojaxis wevrebi arian.
amdenad, sakasacio palata ganmartavs, rom is faqti, rom sadavo sacxovrebel binaze sakuTrebis ufleba registrirebulia erT damqiravebelze, ar niSnavs imas, rom masTan mcxovrebma ojaxis wevrebma uari ganacxades sakuTrebis uflebis mopovebaze. am SemTxvevaSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom privatizebis ganxorcielebaze yvela ojaxis wevris nebis arseboba (rac davis sagans ar warmoadgens) gulisxmobs sakuTrebis uflebis mopovebas yvela ojaxis wevris sasargeblod, miuxedavad imisa, rom sakuTrebis ufleba SeiZleba registrirebul iqnes mxolod erT-erT damqiravebelze.
amrigad, mxolod erT-erTi damqiraveblis saxelze (sxva ojaxis wevrebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) privatizebis xelSekrulebis safuZvelze sakuTrebis registraciis faqti ar niSnavs sakuTrebis uflebis gasxvisebas mxolod masze.
am SemTxvevaSi sakuTrebis institutisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi vrceldeba yvela damqiravebelze, anu is damqiravebeli, romlis saxelzec registrirebulia sakuTrebis ufleba ver gamoiyenebs am sakuTrebis uflebas danarCen ojaxis wevrebTan mimarTebaSi ise, rogorc im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aRniSnuli sakuTrebis ufleba gasxvisebuli iqneboda mxolod masze.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sacxovrebeli saxlis usasyidlod gadacemis xelSekrulebiT danarCen ojaxis wevrebs warmoeSobaT ufleba sajaro reestrSi daaregistriron (Sesabamis wilis gaTvaliswinebiT) sakuTrebis ufleba. (aRniSnuli sakiTxi aseve daregulirebuli iyo im dros moqmedi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos plenumis 1996 wlis 2 aprilis # 1 dadgenilebis me-2 punqtiT, romlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos ministrTa kabinetis 1994 wlis 5 agvistos #520 dadgenilebam gaauqma binebis privatizebisaTvis ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebis Tanxmobis aucilebloba. miuxedavad amisa, privatizebul binebze sakuTrebis ufleba aqvs yvela im pirs, romelsac sacxovrebel farTobze ufleba mopovebuli aqvs binis privatizebis droisaTvis).
sajaro reestris cnebis ganmartebisaTvis aucilebelia sworad Sefasdes sajaro reestris daniSnuleba da funqcia, Tu ra interesebs emsaxureba aRniSnuli instituti da aqedan gamomdinare, ra mniSvneloba eniWeba reestris registraciis faqts.
upirveles yovlisa, yuradReba unda gavamaxviloT sajaro reestris daniSnulebaze, romelic warmoadgens samoqalaqo brunvis garants da emsaxureba brunvis monawilis interesebis uzrunvelyofas, dacvas. aRniSnuli principis safuZvelze, obieqturad arsebuli faqti _ sajaro reestrSi uflebis registracia, icavs ndobisa da keTilsindisierebis princips sajaro reestrSi registraciaunarian uflebebis gankargvis dros da misi sisworis prezumfcia exeba rogorc adrindeli mesakuTris, aseve axali SemZenis uflebebs.
amrigad, erT-erTi damqiraveblis mier farTis privatizebis Sedegad Tavis saxelze sakuTrebis uflebis registraciis faqti ar gamoricxavs danarCeni ojaxis wevrebis sasargeblod am uflebis SeZenis faqts, radgan am uflebis registraciiT (anu SeZenis institutiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebis realizaciiT) man uzrunvelyo sakuTrebis ufleba, rac man moipova yvela ojaxis wevris sasargeblod. aRniSnuli sakiTxis Taviseburebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sakuTrebis uflebis warmoSoba ar SeiZleba daukavSirdes mxolod sajaro reestris instituts. konkretul SemTxvevaSi gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom danarCenma damqiraveblebma moipoves Tavisi uflebis sajaro reestrSi registraciis ufleba.
Cuqeba
muxli 524 cneba
Cuqebis xelSekrulebiT mCuqebeli usasyidlod gadascems dasaCuqrebuls qonebas sakuTrebad misi TanxmobiT.
muxli 529
Cuqebis gauqmeba dasaCuqrebulis umadurobis gamo
1. Cuqeba SeiZleba gauqmdes, Tu dasaCuqrebuli mZime Seuracxyofas miayenebs an did umadurobas gamoiCens mCuqeblis an misi axlo naTesavis mimarT.
2. Tu Cuqeba gauqmdeba, maSin gaCuqebuli qoneba SeiZleba gamoTxovil iqnes mCuqeblis mier.
3. Cuqeba SeiZleba gauqmdes erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mas Semdeg, rac mCuqebeli Seityobs im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic mas Cuqebis gauqmebis uflebas aZlevs.
magaliTi 1
Cuqebis xelSekrulebiT a-m saCuqrad gadasca b-s bina. Cuqebis xelSekrulebas safuZvlad daedo a-sa da b-s Soris dadebuli zepiri SeTanxmeba, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom aRniSnuli binis sanacvlod b mTeli sicocxlis manZilze mouvlida a-s. a-s gardacvalebis Semdeg b-s winaaRmdeg sarCeli aRZra g-m (g iyo a-s axlo naTesavi) da moiTxova Cuqebis xelSekrulebis gauqmeba im motiviT, rom b-m a-s mimarT didi umaduroba gamoiCina da mZime Seuracxyofa miayena. sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila g-s moTxovna da miuTiTa, rom Cuqebis xelSekrulebis gauqmebis ufleba gaaCnia mxolod xelSekrulebis monawile mxareebs, radgan Cuqebis gauqmeba mxolod maSin SeiZleba, Tu dasaCuqrebuli mZime Seuracxyofas miayenebs an did umadurobas gamoiCens gamCuqeblis an misi axlo naTesavis mimarT, xolo ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos Seuracxyofad da umadurobad, amis gansazRvra mxolod mCuqebels SeuZlia. aqedan gamomdinare, saapelacio palatam miiCnia, rom aRniSnuli muxlis safuZvelze mosarCeleebs Cuqebis gauqmebis moTxovnis ufleba ara aqvT.
magaliTi 2
a-m sarCeli aRZra b-s mimarT da moiTxova 1996 wels davis
komentari:
529-e muxlis pirvel punqtSi mocemulia uRirsi saqcielis amomwuravi CamonaTvali, romelic saSualebas iZleva Cuqebis gauqmebis sakiTxi daisvas, kerZod, mCuqeblis an misi axlo naTesavisadmi dasaCuqrebulis mier mZime Seuracxyofis miyeneba an didi umadurobis gamoCena. Tu vis gaaCnia Cuqebis xelSekrulebis gauqmebis moTxovnis ufleba, aRniSnulze naTlad metyvelebs rogorc kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebi, aseve saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier damkvidrebuli praqtika. qarTuli samoqalaqo kanonmdebloba Cuqebis xelSekrulebis gauqmebis moTxovnis uflebas mxolod mCuqebels aniWebs.
Tu dasaCuqrebuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg Caidens ganzrax qmedebas, romlis Sedegadac SeuZlebeli xdeba gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba da naCuqari nivTis amoReba (nivTis gasxviseba, ganadgureba, moxmareba da a.S.) misi Rirebuleba SeiZleba amoRebuli iqnas dasaCuqrebulisagan usafuZvlo gamdidrebis Sedegad warmoSobili valdebulebiTi urTierTobebis momwesrigebeli normebis Sesabamisad anu sasamarTlo gadawyveytilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg dasaCuqrebulis zemoaRniSnuli qmedeba ganixileba rogorc usafuZvlo gamdidreba, radganac mesakuTris uflebamosilebis realizaciis samarTlebrivi safuZveli dasaCuqrebuls ukve aRar gaaCnda. rac Seexeba arabraleul, anu gaufrTxilebel qmedebebs dasaCuqrebulis mxridan, romelTa Sedegadac SeuZlebelia naCuqrobis sagnis naturiT dabruneba, ver gaxdeba misgan sagnis Rirebulebis amoRebis safuZveli.
Cuqebis xelSekrulebis zemoaRniSnul sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT sakasacio sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom mCuqeblis kanonismier memkvidreebs sk-is 529-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT Cuqebis gauqmebis moTxovna ar SeuZliaT. Cuqebis xelSekrulebis gauqmebis safuZvels miTiTebuli normiT warmoadgens dasaCuqrebulis mier mCuqeblis an misi axlo naTesavis mimarT didi umadurobis gamoCena an mZime Seuracxyofis miyeneba. aRniSnuli normis meore nawiliT, Tu Cuqeba gauqmdeba, maSin gaCuqebuli qoneba SeiZleba gamoTxovil iqnes mCuqeblis mier, amave normis mesame nawiliT ki Cuqeba SeiZleba gauqmdes erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mas Semdeg, rac mCuqebeli Seityobs im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic mas Cuqebis gauqmebis uflebas aZlevs.
zemoxsenebuli materialur-samarTlebrivi norma yvelaze naTlad asaxavs ra samarTlisa da zneobis urTierTkavSirs, mCuqeblisagan qonebrivi sikeTis usasyidlod miRebis sanacvlod dasaCuqrebuls akisrebs zneobrivad qcevis valdebulebas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tuki dasaCuqrebuli mZime Seuracxyofas miayenebs an umadurobas gamoiCens mCuqeblis an misi axlo naTesavis mimarT, zneobriv faseulobaTa dacva mocemul SemTxvevaSi xdeba Cuqebis xelSekrulebis gauqmebiT, rasac Tan axlavs saTanado samarTlebrivi Sedegi – mCuqeblisaTvis gaCuqebuli nivTis sakuTrebaSi dabruneba.
sk-is 529-e muxlis Sinaarsidan aSkarad Cans, rom dasaCuqrebulis arazneobrivi saqcielis Semfasebeli TviTon mCuqebelia, razedac metyvelebs normaSi arsebuli gamonaTqvamebi: `qoneba SeiZleba gamoTxovili iqnes mCuqeblis mier~, `Cuqeba SeiZleba gauqmdes erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mas Semdeg, rac mCuqebeli Seityobs im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic mas Cuqebis gauqmebis uflebas aZlevs~.
Cuqebis moSlas iwvevs ara yovelgvari zneobis sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba, aramed mZime Seuracxyofa da didi umaduroba. Tu ra saxis Seuracxyofaa pirisaTvis mZime an ras miiCnevs did umadurobad, es mxolod konkretuli subieqtis _ mCuqeblis Sefasebis sagans SeiZleba warmoadgendes. sk-is 529-e muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT, Cuqebis gauqmebis safuZvlad miCneulia, rogorc mCuqeblis, ise misi axlo naTesavis mimarT gamoCenili didi umaduroba da mZime Seuracxyofis miyeneba. am danawesis analizi cxadyofs, rom axlo naTesavis mimarT dasaCuqrebulis arazneobrivi saqcieli mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iwvevs Cuqebis gauqmebas, Tuki aseTi mCuqeblis mier iqneba moTxovili, anu mCuqebeli misi axlo naTesavis mimarT dasaCuqrebulis zneobrivad gasakicx qmedebas imdenad unda iTavisebdes, rom TviTonve unda xdides sadavod massa da dasaCuqrebuls Soris arsebul valdebulebiT samarTlebrivurTierTobas.
SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianis anazRaureba
magaliTi 1
a-m da b-m sarCeliT mimarTes sasamarTlos g sawarmos mimarT da moiTxoves sawarmoo travmiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba. mosarCeleebma aRniSnes, rom muSaobdnen mopasuxe sawarmoSi, roca marTavdnen benziniTa da navTiT datvirTul matareblis Semadgenlobas, iZulebulni gaxdnen SeeyvanaT matarebeli damWer CixSi samuxruWe sistemis araefeqturi moqmedebis gamo. momxdari ubeduri SemTxvevis gamo a-m da b-m dakarges Sromisunari 80%-iT. Semadgenlobis sadguridan gamosvlamde vagonebis teqnikuri momsaxurebis punqtis vagonis gamsinjvelis mier gacemuli iyo cnoba muxruWebis gamarTulad muSaobis Sesaxeb. amasTan, imave dRes Sedgenili ubeduri SemTxvevis aqtebSi miTiTebuli iyo, rom ar muxruWdeboda Semadgenlobis 15 vagoni, xolo am faqtze Catarebuli samsaxurebrivi Semowmebis Sedegad gamocemul brZanebaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom Semadgenlobis 15 vagoni ar muxruWdeboda, 4-ze muxruWebi ar moqmedebda, xolo 6 vagonze samuxruWe sistema ar uzrunvelyofda 10 wuTian Seyovnebas. sasamarTlom dadgenilad miiCnia sawarmos braleuloba, mizezobrivi kavSiri momxdar ubedur SemTxvevasa da vagonebis gaumarTaobas Soris.
magaliTi 2
a-m sarCeli aRZra b sawarmos mimarT da moiTxova sxeulis dazianebis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba. a-m aRniSna, rom igi SromiTi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze muSaobda mopasuxe sawarmoSi. ubeduri SemTxvevis dRes igi eswreboda TaTbirs, romelzec ganixileboda moxmarebuli eleqtroenergiis danaxarjis amoRebis, gaumjobesebis sakiTxi, direqtorebs daevalaT calkeuli RonisZiebebis gatareba. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, a-m miiRo gadawyvetileba Casuliyo „. . . hesSi“ da daeregulirebina gadamcem xazze gantvirTvis avtomatikis moqmedeba. mZRolma uari ganacxada hesSi wasvlaze, amitom sazogadoebis kuTvnil avtomanqanas Tavad a. marTavda. mcxeTa – yazbegi – larsis gzis 21-e kilometrze moxda avtosagzao SemTxveva da a-m miiRo sxeulis dazianeba. sasamarTlom aRniSnuli ar miiCnia sawarmoo travmad da zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebis dakisrebis safuZvlad, radgan a-m gadawyvetileba gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb uSualod miiRo da ara sazogadoebis davalebiT, amasTan saxeze ar arsebobda sazogadoebis brali momxdar avtosagzao SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT.
magaliTi 3
a-m sarCeliT mimarTa sasamarTlos b sawarmos mimarT da moiTxova mopasuxe organizaciisaTvis 1992 wlis ianvridan 2003 wlis agvistomde yovelTviuri sarCos, aseve sicocxlis bolomde yovelTviuri sarCos saxiT 98 laris gadaxdis dakisreba da Tanxis miuReblobiTa da vadis gadacilebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba, sul 42 835 lari 80 TeTri. sarCelis safuZvlad ki miuTiTa Semdeg faqtobriv garemoebebze: mosarCele sawarmoSi muSaobda durglebis brigadirad, masze dakisrebuli movaleobebis Sesrulebisas, 1989 wlis 17 marts, miiRo sawarmoo travma, ris Sedegadac cnobil iqna mesame jgufis invalidad, aseve daudginda Sromis unaris dakargva 60 %-iT. am monacemebis safuZvelze mopasuxe organizaciam ganusazRvra yovelTviuri sarCos saxiT zianis sakompensacio Tanxa 215 maneTi, romelsac igi 1991 wlis dekembris CaTvliT yovelTviurad iRebda, 1992 wlis ianvridan ki aRar miuRia. mopasuxe organizaciam, miuxedavad mravalgzis mimarTvisa, uari ganacxada Tanxis gacemaze.
sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom yovelTviuri sarCos gadaxda periodulad Sesasrulebeli valdebuleba iyo da masze vrceldeboda samwliani xandazmulobis vada, aseve CaTvala, rom `SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianis anazRaurebis wesis~ me-12 punqtis safuZvelze aucilebeli iyo sarCos odenobis xelaxla gadaangariSeba da sawarmos a-s sasargeblod daakisra bolo sami wlis miuRebeli sarCos erTjeradad gadaxda, sul 2616 lari da 2005 wlis 15 ivlisidan yovelTviurad _ 18 lari.
magaliTi 4
a-m sarCeli aRZra sasamarTloSi b sawarmos mimarT da moiTxova janmrTelobis dazianebiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaureba, Semdegi safuZvlebiT: a muSaobda sawarmoSi zeinklad, igi yoveldRiurad dadioda mcxeTis raionis sof. Zegvidan TbilisSi organizaciis mier gamoyofili ufaso samgzavro bileTiT. erT-erTi mgzavrobis dros garedan nasroli qvis TavSi moxvedris Sedegad miiRo sxeulis dazianeba da dakarga Sromis unari, ris gamoc gaaTavisufles samsaxuridan.
sasamarTlom ar miiCnia, rom ufaso samgzavro bileTis arseboba niSnavda sawarmos mier transportis gamoyofas, aqedan gamomdinare ki aRniSnuli SemTxveva ar CaTvala sawrmoo travmad.
komentari:
sawarmoo travmis Sedegad miyenebul zianis anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos aqvs erTgvarovani praqtika.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT uzenaesma sasamarTlom ganmarta Semdegi: miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganTavsebul sawarmoebSi, dawesebulebebSi, organizaciebSi dasaqmebul muSakTa SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas sawarmoo travmiT, profesiuli daavadebiT an janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianis anazRaurebis samarTlebriv safuZvlebs awesrigebs saqarTvelos prezidentis #48 brZanebulebiT damtkicebuli `SromiTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas muSakis janmrTelobisaTvis vnebis miyenebis Sedegad zianis anazRaurebis wesebi~, aRniSnuli samarTlebrivi urTierToba mainc warmoadgens zianis miyenebis (deliqtis) safuZvelze warmoSobil valdebulebas, vinaidan valdebuleba warmoiSoba dazaralebulis absoluturi subieqturi samoqalaqo uflebebis darRvevis Sedegad, atarebs arasaxelSekrulebo xasiaTs da miznad isaxavs araqonebrivi sikeTisaTvis (sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis) miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebas. deliqturi valdebulebebis dros xdeba absoluturi uflebebis xelyofa, konkretul SemTxvevaSi ki iseTi uflebebis, rogoricaa pirovnebis janmrTelobisa da sicocxlis dacva. aqedan gamomdinare ki aRniSnul samarTlebriv urTierTobebze vrceldeba deliqturi valdebulebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela principi da aucilebelia misi warmoSobisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis – zianis mimyeneblis bralisa da damdgar ziansa da qmedebas Soris mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris arseboba.
piris sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis miyenebuli ziani sawrmoo travmad CaiTvleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebis procesSia miyenebuli. samsaxurebriv movaleobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos pirisaTvis normatiuli aqtis, Sromis xelSekrulebis, an administraciis davalebis safuZvelze dakisrebuli movaleobebi. sxva SemTxvevaSi zianis anazRaurebis valdebuleba warmoiSoba da regulirdeba samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli deliqturi valdebulebebis momwesrigebeli normebis mixedviT.
sawarmoo travmad aseve CaiTvleba ubeduri SemTxveva sawarmos mier gamoyofil satransporto saSualebebze. satransporto saSualebis gamoyofad ar CaiTvleba ufaso samgzavro bileTis, an sxva samgzavro SeRavaTis miniWeba konkretuli transportiT sargeblobisaTvis.
zianis anazRaurebis odenobis gansazRvrisaTvis mniSvnelovania sawarmoos bralis xarisxis dadgena. Tu ubeduri SemTxveva mxolod sawarmos braleuli moqmedebiTaa (Sromis kanonmdeblobis, Sromis dacvis wesebis, normebisa da sxva normatiuli aqtebis moTxovnaTa ugulvebelyofiT an arasaTanado SesrulebiT) gamowveuli, igi srulad anazRaurebs damdgar zians, rac Seexeba Sereuli bralis arsebobis SemTxvevebs, sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, zianis dadgomaSi sawarmos bralis arseboba ukve warmoadgens sawarmos pasuxismgeblobis safuZvels. dazaralebulis bralis arseboba ki aris sakompensacio Tanxis Semcirebis da ara sawarmos pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebis safuZveli.
sawarmoos bralis dadasturebis erT-erT saSualebad sasamarTlos miaCnia e.w ubeduri SemTxvevis aqti. ubeduri SemTxvevis aqtis Sedgena unda adasturebdes ubeduri SemTxvevis faqts, ubeduri SemTxvevis kavSirs samsaxurebrivi movaleobis SesrulebasTan da ubeduri SemTxvevis gamomwvev mizezebs.
zianis anazRaurebis odenoba gamoiTvleba saqarTvelos prezidentis #48 brZanebulebiT dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad. amasTan, zianis kompensacia SesaZlebelia rogorc erTjeradi gadaxdis, ise yovelTviuri sarCos saxiT. yovelTviuri sarCos odenobis gamoTvlisaTvis mxedvelobaSi miiReba is Tu ra Tanamdebobaze muSaobda dazaralebuli sawarmoo travmis dadgomis momentSi da ara is Tu ra movalebebs asrulebda igi amis Semdeg.
sasamarTlos myari praqtika aqvs am tipis moTxovnebisaTvis arsebuli xandazmulobis vadebis Sesaxeb.
uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, sasarCelo xandazmuloba es aris kanoniT dadgenili dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic pirs, romlis uflebac Selaxulia, SeuZlia, moiTxovos iZulebiTi aRsruleba an uflebis dacva. Tuki darRveuli uflebis iZulebiT dacvis SesaZlebloba kanoniT gansazRvruli vadiT ar iqneboda SezRuduli, es gamoiwvevda samoqalaqo saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gaZnelebas, vinaidan didia albaToba saqmesTan dakavSirebuli utyuari mtkicebulebebis dakargvisa, saqmeSi monawile pirebis mier saqmis garemoebebis araadekvaturad aRqmisa da sxva. amrigad, sasarCelo xandazmuloba xels uwyobs ra samoqalaqo urTierTobaTa stabilizaciasa da simyares, amavdroulad exmareba samoqalaqo urTierTobis monawileebs TavianTi uflebebisa da valdebulebebis aqtiurad da droulad ganxorcielebaSi.
sawarmoo travmis Sedegad damdgari zianis sakompensaciod yovelTviuri sarCos gadaxda warmoadgens periodulad Sesasrulebel valdebulebas da masze vrceldeba xandazmulobis samwliani vada. rodesac ubeduri SemTxvevis Semdeg sawarmo dazaralebulze zianis anazRaurebis mizniT gascemda Tanxas an arsebobda sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba da mxolod wlebis Semdeg Sewyvita sawarmom Tanxis gacema, aseT SemTxvevaSi zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnaze ar vrceldeba sasarCelo xandazmulobis vada. es sakiTxi mxareTa Soris ukve gadawyvetilad da uTuod aris miCneuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba dadges periodulad Sesasrulebeli valdebulebebidan warmoSobili moTxovnebis samwliani xandazmulobis sakiTxi samoqalaqo kodeqsis 129-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Sesabamisad.
uZravi qonebis keTilsindisieri SemZenis uflebebi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtikaSi
Sinaarsi
I. kanonmdebloba
II. doqtrina
III. praqtika
1. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 185-e muxlis interpretacia
2. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 185-e muxlis moqmedebis farglebi
3. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 159-e muxlis interpretacia (marTlzomieri da keTilsindisieri SemZenis gamijvna)
4. keTilsindisierebis moqmedebis dro
5. meuRleTa TanasakuTreba da uZravi qonebis keTilsindisieri SemZeni
I. kanonmdebloba
qarTuli samoqalaqo kodeqsis seriozul Taviseburebas warmoadgens keTilsindisieri SemZenis uflebrivi mdgomareobis detaluri mowesrigeba. am mxriv igi Tanamedrove evropul kerZo samarTalTan sruli harmonizaciiT gamoirCeva. mTavari sakiTxi am SemTxevevaSi qonebis mesakuTrisa da keTilsindisieri SemZenis interesebis samarTliani balansirebaa. samoqalaqo kodeqsi am sakiTxs wyvets aramarto brunvis konkretuli monawilis interesebidan gamomdinare, aramed TviT am brunvis simyarisa da stabilurobis interesebis gaTvalswinebiT.
kanonmdebloba mesakuTrisa da keTilsindisieri SemZenis interesTa konfliqtis sakiTxs gansxvavebulad awesrigebs moZravi da uZravi qonebis brunvis SemTxvevaSi. Tu pirvel SemTxvevaSi wina planze dgas qonebis mesakuTris interesebi, meore SemTxvevaSi prioriteti eZleva keTilsindisieri SemZenis interesebs. amas Tavisi axsna moeZebneba, razedac qvemoT gveqneba saubari. amjerad, saWirod migvaCnia Tavad sakanonmdeblo normebi moviSvelioT.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis mowesrigebis aucilebloba gamowveulia samoqalaqo kodeqsis im fundamenturi normiT, romelic Seexeba uZrav qonebaze sakuTrebis warmoSobas. am kodeqsis 183-e muxlis pirvel punqtSi naTqvamia:
,,uZravi nivTis SesaZenad aucilebelia sanotaro wesiT damowmebuli sabuTi da SemZenis registracia sajaro reestrSi. registraciisaTvis gancxadebis Setana SeuZlia, rogorc gamsxvisebels, ise SemZens".
uZravi qonebis SeZenis es wesi ganapirobebs keTilsindisieriE SemZenis interesebis dacvis mowesrigebas. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 185-e muxlis saxiT Camoyalibda norma, romelic uproblemod jdeba Tanamedrove evropuli samarTlis sxeulSi. kerZod, am muxlSi aRniSnulia: ,,SemZenis interesebidan gamomdinare, gamsxvisebeli iTvleba mesakuTred, Tu igi aseTad aris registrirebuli sajaro reestrSi, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca SemZenma icoda, rom gamsxvisebeli ar iyo mesakuTre".
keTilsindisieri SemZenis aseTi uflebrivi mdgomareoba gamowveulia sajaro reestris specifikuri daniSnulebiT samoqalaqo brunvis meqanizmSi. kerZod, reestris monacemebs kanonmdebeli apriorulad utyuarobisa da sisrulis niSniT naTlavs. samoqalaqo kodeqsisa 312-e muxli ityobineba:
,,1. reestris monacemebis mimarT moqmedebs utyarobisa da sisrulis prezumfcia, e.i. reestris Canawerebi iTvleba swored, vidre ar damtkicdeba maTi uzustoba. 2. im piris sasargeblod, romelic garigebis safuZvelze sxva pirisagan iZens romelime uflebas da es ufleba gamsxviseblis saxelze iyo reestrSi registrirebuli, reestris Canaweri iTvleba. swored, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca am Canaweris sawinaaRmdegod Setanilia saCivari, an SemZenma icoda, rom Canaweri uzustoa".
amgvarad, roca saqme exeba uZravi qonebis SeZenas, aq sajaro reestris (uflebis registraciis faqtis) sandoobis prezumfcia gvaqvs saxeze, maSin roca moZravi nivTebis mflobelis SemTxvevaSi sandoobis varaudi gvaqvs saxeze. mokled, orive SemTxvevaSi moqmedebs SesaZeni uflebis namdvilobis varaudi. es kargad Cans samoqalaqo kodeqsis 158-e muxlidan, romliTac dadgenilia:
,,1. ivaraudeba, rom nivTis mflobeli aris misi mesakuTre.
2. es wesi ar moqmedebs im SemTxvevaSi, roca nivTze sakuTrebiTi urTierTobis xasiaTi vlindeba sajaro reestridan. sakuTrebis prezumfcia ar gamoiyeneba arc Zveli mflobelis mimarT, Tu man es nivTi dakarga, mohpares an sxvagvarad gavida igi misi mflobelobidan. sakuTrebis prezumfcia moqmedebs Zveli mflobelis sasargeblod mxolod misi mflobelobis periodSi."
aRsaniSnavia is, rom mocemuli sakiTxebi nawilobriv mowesrigebulia specialuri kanonmdeblobiTac. aq dasaxelebuli normebidan naTlad Cans, rom uZravi nivTis keTilsindisieri SeZena am qonebaze sakuTrebis SeZenis TaviseburebiTaa ganpirobebuli. mowesrigebis aseTi forma bevrad waagavs germanuli samarTlis danawesebs.
axla rac Seexeba zemoTmotanili normebis komentarebsa da doqtrinalur axsna-ganmartebas.
II. doqtrina
doqtrinisaTvis amosavalia keTilsindiseri samoqalaqo brunva, rasac safuZvels uyris moqmedi samoqalaqo kodeqsi. brunvis keTilsindisiereba am brunvis monawileTa keTilsindisierebaa, es ki gulisxmobs brunvis monawileebisadmi sandoobas. aseTi urTierT damokidebuleba gamartivebuli da cocxali samoqalaqo brunvis aucilebeli winapirobaa. es sruliadac ar niSnavs urTierTobis monawileTa mxridan erTmaneTis mimarT TvaldaxuWul ndobas. igi aucileblad gulisxmobs windaxedulobis gonivrul masStabs, romlis ignorirebamac SeiZleba brunvis monawile arakeTilsindisier monawiled aqcios da dacvis miRma datovos. imdenad mniSvnelovania keTilsindisiereba samoqalaqo brunvisaTvis, rom uflebisa da keTilsindisierebis, rogorc faseulobaTa urTierTdapirispirebis SemTxvevaSi, zogjer keTilsindisiereba imarjvebs da Tavad xdeba uflebis wyaro. kanonmdebeli sxvagvarad verc ki moiqceva. saqme imaSia, rom calkeul SemTxvevebSi keTilsindisierebisadmi prioritetis miniWebiT kanonmdebeli icavs Tavad samoqalaqo brunvas, rogorc faseulobas da am gziT brunvis monawileTa pativsadeb interesebs.
samoqalaqo brunvis mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba is aris, rom yoveli mxare im tvirTis matarebeli SeiZleba iyos, romlis zidvac mas SeuZlia. roca mtkicdeba, rom igi uZluria zidos es tvirTi, pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxic ixsneba.
Cvens mier motanil normebSi erTmaneTis pirispir dganan mesakuTre da keTilsindisieri SemZeni. rogorc ukve iTqva, maTi mdgomareoba arsebiTad gansxavebulia moZravi da uZravi nivTebis SeZenisas. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 186-e muxlidan gamomdinare moZrav qonebaze sakuTrebis SeZena xdeba misi gadacemiT. aq iseTi sinamdvile yalibdeba, rodesac erTmaneTis pirispir dganan nivTis mesakuTre da misi SemZeni. maT Soris ar dgas araviTari sxva iseTi piri, romelic, uxeSad rom vTqvaT, TavisTavze aiRebda raime pasuximsgeblobas. nivTis SemZenis bediRbali mTlianadaa damokidebuli gamsxviseblis samarTlebriv mdgomareobaze da sakuTar windaxedulobaze. ar aRmoCndeba gamsxvisebeli mesakuTre-SemZenis keTilsindisireba ver gaxdeba yovelTvis misi uflebis dacvis iaraRi. umeteswilad, aq sakuTreba imarjvebs keTilsindisirebaze da amis gamo orTabrZola mesakuTris sasargeblod mTavrdeba.
sruliad sxva suraTi gvaqvs uZravi qonebis SeZenisas. aq ukve dapirispirebul mxareebs Soris dgas, uxeSad rom vTqvaT, ,,arbitri", romelic pasuximgeblobis ZiriTad tvirTs Tavis Tavze iRebs. es ,,arbitri" sajaro reestria, romlis wyalobiTaa, rom keTilsindisiereba imarjvebs sakuTrebaze. is ZiriTadi tvirTi, romelic gamsxviseblis uflebamosilebis Sesamowmeblad ekisreboda SemZens, normatiulad sajaro reestris xelSia aRebuli.
yovelive es erTgvarad amartivebs keTilsindisieri SemZenis tvirTs. rogorc motanili normebidan Cans, sajaro reestris monacemebis mimarT moqmedebs utyuarobisa da sisrulis prezumfcia. raxan es asea SemZens naklebad xelewifeba Seamowmos gamsxviseblis uflebrivi mdgomareoba. aqedan gamomdinare misi windaxedulobis farglebic Sesabamisad viwroa. marTalia kanonmdebeli ki uSvebs imis SesaZleblobas, rom SemZenma SeiZleba icodes, rom ,,gamsxvisebeli ar iyo mesakuTre", magram misi gamorkveva erTob Zneli unda iyos. Tuki sakuTrebis uflebas fetiSisturad miudgebiT, cxadia gagviWirdeba im sinamdvilisadmi Segueba, rodesac masze imarjvebs keTilsindiseri SemZeni. amisi aRqma marTlac Znelia iseTi sinamdvilis pirobebSi, rodesac erTmaneTis pirispir dganan sruliad ubralo mesakuTre da aseTive SemZeni. erTi SexedviT, roca mesame piria gamsxvisebeli piri, romlis saxelzedac arasworad aRiricxa sakuTreba sajaro reestrSi, ratom unda daiCagros mesakuTre. gana is, risi SeZenis safuZvelic xarveziania, SeiZleba sabolood SeZenilad CaiTvalos? gana SeZenis obieqturi safuZveli ar aris am SeZenis namdvilobis safuZveli da ara pirTa subieqturi neba? Tumca, aq marto subieqturi neba-keTilsindisiereba ara gvaqvs saxeze, aqvea xarveziani obieqturi neba sajaro reestrisa. mokled, es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac subieqturi neba asworebs obieqturis nakls. e. i. Tuki SemZeni keTilsindisieria, sajaro reestris xarvezianobac iCrdileba da igi verafriT ver Svelis uflebawarTmeul mesakuTres. warmovidginoT aseTi magaliTi, mesakuTre xangrZlivi mivlinebiT wavida ucxo qveyanaSi da sakuTari bina droebiT sargeblobaSi dautova axlonaTesavs. am ukanasknelma yalbi dokumentebis meSveobiT miaRwia imas, rom sajaro reestrSi aRiricxa, rogorc am binis mesakuTre da igi gaasxvisa pirze, romelic am faqtis mimarT iyo keTilsindisieri. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, Zalianac, rom ecados binis dabrunebas misi namdvili mesakuTre, verafers gaxdeba, keTilsindisier SemZens darCeba igi sakuTrebaSi. wminda adamianuri poziciidan Tu SevxedavT am sakiTxs, namdvili mesakuTris uflebas cota vinme Tu SeewinaaRmdegeba. dava unda gadawydes mis sasargeblod da keTilsindisieri SemZenis sawinaaRmdegod. magram ra Sedegebi moyveba amas Tu dauSvebT? yvelaze mZime Sedegi iqneba samoqalaqo brunvis Seferxeba da misadmi undoblobis gaCena. raxan SemZeni ar iqneba daculi misi keTilisindisierebis SemTxvevaSic, cxadia, interesi moiklebs uZravis SesaZenad. ufro garkveviT, rom vTqvaT, moiSleba samoqalaqo brunvis stabiluroba da SeZenil uflebebs saeWvoobis daRi daedeba. kidev ufro dazustebiT, rom vTqvaT, eWqveS dadgeba samoqalqo brunvis usafrTxoeba, romelic, rogorc faseuloba am brunvis monawileTa uflebebis garantiaa.
sajaro reestris arseboba keTilsindisier SemZens aTavisuflebs mometebuli pasuxismgeblobisa da riskisagan.
amdenad, kvlav unda iTqvas, rom uZravi qonebis SeZenis reJimis pirdapiri Sedegia keTilsindisieri SemZenis uflebis calsaxad prioritetuli dacva. aqve unda iTqvas, rom uZravi qonebis SeZenis wesi Tanabrad vrceldeba yvela saxis sakuTrebaze, es iqneba individualuri Tu saerTo. doqtrinaSi kamaTs iwvevs meuRleTa TanaskuTrebaze uflebis warmoSobis sakiTxi. migvaCnia, rom im droidan rac saqarTveloSi SemoRebul iqna sajaro reestri, uZravze sakuTrebis ufleba arcerT SemTxvevaSi ar warmoiSoba sajaro reestrSi registraciis gareSe. am pozicias adgas saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika. sakonstitucio sasamarTlomac 1998 wlis 25 ivnisis gadawyvetilebaSi, romelic exeboda ,,sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisas warmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb" kanonis konstituciurobas, sagangebod gausva xazi formis mniSvnelobas uflebis warmoSobis saqmeSi.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, nebismieri sakuTrebis ufleba, igi garigebis safuZvelze warmoiSoba YTu kanonis safuZvelze sabolood warmoSobilad CaiTvleba sajaro reestrSi registraciis gziT. amitomac, kanonis danawesi, rom ,,meuRleTa mier qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi SeZenili qoneba warmoadgens saerTo qonebas (TanasakuTrebas)" ar unda gavigoT martooden sityva-sityviTi azriT. am SemTxevvaSi sinamdvileSi saubaria TanasakuTrebis warmoSobis safuZvelze, Tavad es TanasakuTreba ki gveqneba orive meuRlis saxelze aRniSnuli qonebis sajaro reestrSi registraciiT. mokled, arc kerZo neba, romlis Sedegia - garigeba da arc normatiuli neba, romlis Sedegia - kanoni, TavisTavad ar aris sakmarisi garemoeba sakuTrebis uflebis warmosaSobad.
III. praqtika
1. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 185-e muxlis interpretacia
uZravi qonebis keTilsindisieri SemZenis uflebis dacvis Sesaxeb sakmaod vrceli sasamarTlo praqtika dagrovda. sasamarTloebi ZiriTadad sworad iyeneben samoqalaqo kodeqsis 185-e muxls. es yvelaze metad iTqmis uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb, romelic aRniSnuli muxlis gamoyenebis principul garemoebebsac xazgasmiT gamoyofs. ase magaliTad, 2006 wlis 9 martis ganCinebaSi (#as-980-1243-05) sasamarTlom calke gamoyo norma-principi: ,,uZravi nivTis gamsxviseblis mesakuTred miCnevisaTvis sakmaris safuZvels warmoadgens SemZenisaTvis, rom gamsxvisebeli mesakuTred registrirebuli iyos sajaro reestrSi". rac Seexeba keTilsindiseri SemZenis uflebas, sasamarTlo mas miiCnevs aRniSnulidan gamonaklisad. kerZod, sasamarTlos azriT, ,,es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac SemZenma icis, rom sajaro reestrSi registrirebuli gamsxvisebeli, ar aris mesakuTre". aqedan gamomdinare sasamarTlo akeTebs Semdeg daskvnas: ,,... aRniSnuli normiT dawesebuli SemZenis keTilsindisierebis dadgenisaTvis, sakmarisi ar aris mxolod sajaro reestris monacemebis gaTvaliswineba, vinaidan mocemul SemTxvevaSi arsebiTi sakiTxia mesakuTris vinaobisadmi SemZenis subieqturi damokidebuleba (icoda Tu ar icoda). Sesabamisad, SemZenis interesebis maregulirebeli normis gamoyenebisas unda Semowmdes rogorc sajaro reestris monacemebi, aseve utyuarad unda dadgindes, rom SemZenma ar icoda qonebis sxva mesakuTris Taobaze".
rac Seexeba keTilsindisierebis axsnas, sasamarTloebi ZiriTadad Semoifarglebian konkretuli SemTxvevebis analiziT. Cvens mier moZiebul masalebSi am mxriv ar Cans samoqalaqo kodeqsis Sesabamisi normis zogadi interpretacia. vinaidan keTilsindisierebas afuZnebs SemZenis subieqturi damokidebuleba garkveuli faqtebisadmi, sasamarTlos gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile marTebs misi Sefasebisas. SemZens ar SeiZleba moeTxovos iseTi garemoebebis codna, romelic aRemateba (scildeba) misi SesaZleblobis farglebs. keTilsindisierebis Sefasebisas mTavaria SemZenis mxridan faqtebis gacnobierebis SesaZlebloba da ara Tavad interesi am faqtebisadmi. sxva sityvebiT, Sefasebis sagania aRniSnuli faqtebis codna da ara mizanmimarTuli codna.
Seswavlili praqtika mowmobs, rom 185-e muxlis interpretacia xdeba samoqalaqo kodeqsis im normebTan organul kavSirSi, romlebic misTvis safuZvelsa da gasaRebs warmoadgens. kerZod, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 183-e, 312-e da sxva muxlebTan erTad.
2. 185-e muxlis moqmedebis farglebi
sasamarTloebis praqtikaSi zogjer wamoiWreba sakiTxi im pirze samoqalaqo kodeqsis 185-e muxlis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb, romlis mesakuTred registracia sajaro reestrSi ferxdeba misgan damoukidebeli mizezebiT. sakasacio sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 3 dekembris ganCinebidan Semdegi viTareba dasturdeba:Yi. botkoveli da i. wiklauri imyofebodnen registrirebul qorwinebaSi. erTad cxovrebis periodSi SeiZines bina, romelic aRiricxa erT-erTi meuRlis, kerZod, i. wiklauris saxelze. am ukanasknelma i. WeliZesTan gaaforma aRniSnuli binis nasyidobis xelSekruleba, risi baTiloba da TanasakuTrebaSi wilis aRiareba moiTxova i. botkovelma. marTalia binis nasyidobis garigeba gaformda, magram SemZenis nebisagan damoukideblad, ar moxerxda misi (i. WeliZis) sajaro reestrSi registracia.
sasamarTlos winaSe dadga sakiTxi i. WeliZis SenaZenis namdvilobisa da misi dacvis mizanSewonilobis Taobaze.
amdenad, binis nasyidobis xelSekruleba gaformebulia, Aarsebobs registraciis neba, magram registracia jer ar momxdara qonebaze yadaRis dadebis gamo. miuxedavad imisa, rom sakuTrebis SeZenis procesi ar dasrulebula, raionulma sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom i. WeliZe aris keTilsindisieri SemZeni. am motiviT, sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila i. botkovelis moTxovna binis nasyidobis baTilad cnobaze.
saapelacio palatis gadawyvetilebaSic analogiurad iqna ganmartebuli uZravi qonebis keTilsindisieri SeZena. kerZod, palatis ganmartebiT, samoqalaqo kodeqsis ...,, 185-e muxli icavs myidvelis qonebriv interesebs, anu garantias iZleva Tu myidvelma SeiZina uZravi nivTi sajaro reestrSi miTiTebuli am nivTis mesakuTrisagan, risTvisac gadauxada mas gansazRvruli Tanxa, igi ar dazaraldeba, nivTi mas ar CamoerTmeva da aRniSnuli ar SeiZleba iyo damokidebuli imaze, moaswro Tu ara myidvelma aRricxva sajaro reestrSi am nivTis mesakuTred, miT ufro, rodesac ... aRricxva ver xerxdeba binaze dadebuli yadaRis gamo".
amdenad, saapelacio palatis ganmartebiT, keTilisindisieri SeZenis Zalaunarianoba moqmedebs uZrav qonebaze sakuTrebis sajaro reestrSi registraciamde.
vfiqrobT, rom swori pozicia daikava sakasacio sasamarTlom, romelmac Seaxsena saapelacio sasamarTlos, rom 183-e muxlis pirvel nawils alternativa ar moepoveba, kerZod is, rom uZravi nivTis SesaZenad aucilebelia SemZenis registracia sajaro reestrSi. 311-e muxlis Tanaxmad ki, sajaro reestrSi Seitaneba sakuTreba da sxva sanivTo uflebebi, romlebic ukve arseboben.
Tu gaviziarebdiT saapelacio sasamarTlos pozicias, maSin Tavdayira dadgeboda samoqalaqo kodeqsis 183-e da 185-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesi. vidre xelSekrulebis safuZvelze daTmobili sakuTreba ar aRiricxeba sajaro reestrSi, manam arc es uflebaa da arc misi keTilsindisieri SemZeni. 185-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli ufleba mkacrad moxazul samarTlebriv sivrceSia da misi sxvagan gadatana, kerZod saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis sivrceSi dauSvebelia.
sakasacio sasamarTlom erT-erT ganCinebaSi aRniSna, rom 185-e muxlis gamoyeneba dauSvebelia, roca mesame piris ufleba saTanado ar aris gaformebuli.
3. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 159-e muxlis interpretacia (marTlzomieri da keTilsindisieri SemZenis gamijvna)
sasamarTlom kargad unda gamoarkvios uZravi qonebis SemZeni marTlzomieri SemZenia Tu keTilsindisieri. SeuZlebelia erTdroulad piri iyos marTlzomieri SemZenic da keTilsindisieric. samwuxarod, praqtika icnobs aseT damokidebulebasac, raSi ,,braleuli" unda iyos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 159-e muxlis pirveli winadadeba, romlis Tanaxmadac ,,keTilsindisieria mflobeli, romelic nivTs marTlzomierad flobs". saqme imaSia, rom keTilsindisieri mflobelobis sakiTxi mxolod maSin dgeba, roca mflobeloba aramarTlzomieria. am SemTxvevaSi keTilsindisiereba faravs aramarTlzomierebas da igi xdeba uZravi nivTis SeZenis safuZveli. amitomac, roca dadgenilia, rom mflobeloba marTlzomieria, uflebis dasabuTebis safuZvlad keTilsindisierebaze miniSneba sruliad zedmeti da uadgiloa.
sakasacio sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 19 maisis ganCinebaSi (#as-1355-1481-04) sadavo urTierTobis Semdegi suraTia saxeze: m. giorgobiani iZens vinme i. basilaSvilsagan uZrav qonebas (miwis nakveTebsa da saxls). am ukansaknels ki es qoneba SeuZenia s. suTiaSvilisagan. vinaidan s. suTiaSvili ar aTavisufldeba m. giorgobianis mier SeZenil binas, man sarCeliT mimarTa raionul sasamarTlos da kidec aRidgina masze pirdapiri mflobeloba. s. suTiaSvili Tavis mxriv ki Tvlida, rom aRniSnuli qonebis mesakuTre kvlavac TviTonaa, radganac i. basilaSvilma mas motyuebis gziT waarTva es qoneba sakuTrebaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, igi mosarCele giorgobianis sakuTrebas eWvis qveS ayenebda. saapelacio sasamarTlom ver dainaxa s. suTiaSvilisagan i. basilaSvilze aRniSnuli qonebis sakuTrebaSi gadacemis aramarTlzomiereba, rac TavisTavad unda miviCnioT, rom ueWvels xdis m. giorgobianis mier qonebis SeZenis marTlzomierebas. miuxedavad amisa, ratomRac saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTlos mTeli yuradReba gadaaqvT qonebis SeZenis keTililsindisierebis faqtze. ase magaliTad, sakasacio sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi naTqvamia: ,,vinaidan, m. giorgobianTan xelSekrulebis gafromebis dros sadavo qonebis mesakuTred registrirebuli iyo i. basilaSvili, saapelacio sasamarTlom m. giorgobiani miiCnia keTilsindisier SemZenad". amasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom SemZenis keTilsindisierebis cnobisaTvis ar aris konstituciuri niSani, qonebis gamsxvisebelze registraciis faqti. aseTi niSani iqneboda registraciis xarvezianoba (aramarTlzomiereba) da am faqtis mimarT SemZenis keTilsindisiereba. roca qonebis registracias uxarvezod aRiarebs sasamarTlo, maSin SemZeni keTilsindisieri ki ar aris aramed marTlzomieria.
aqedan gamomdinare saeWvod unda miviCnioT sakasacio palatis motivacia, romelic emyareba samoqalaqo kodeqsis 185-e muxls.
4. keTilsindisierebis moqmedebis dro
sakasacio sasamarTlom 2005 wlis 16 seqtembers ganCinebaSi (3as-409-756-05) 185-e muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT aseTi debuleba daafiqsira: ,,keTilsindisierebis faqti unda arsebobdes nivTis gadacemamde". uZravi qonebis SeZenasTan dakavSirebiT, keTilsindisiereba 185-e muxliT gaTvalsiwinebul Sedegebs iwvevs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca mas adgili aqvs sakuTrebis uflebis sajaro reestrSi registraciamde. registraciis Semdgomdroindeli sinamdvile, kerZod, is rom pirma gaigo qonebis SeZenis aramarTlzomierebis DSesaxeb, samarTlebrivad umniSvneloa. qonebis SeZenis Semdeg, piri xdeba misi marTlzomieri mflobeli da amdenad SeZenis samarTlebrivi buneba ucvleli rCeba. amitomacaa, rom Tuki Semdgom am pirisagan SeiZens vinme uZrav qonebas, mas saqme eqneba marTlzomier mflobelTan.
mokled, SeZenis aRiarebis momentidan asparezidan qreba am SeZenis mimarT subieqturi damokidebuleba.
5. meuRleTa TanaskuTreba da keTilsindisieri SemZenis uflebrivi mdgomareoba
sasamarTlo praqtika erTob mdidaria meuRleTa TanasakuTrebis keTilsindisieri SeZenis SemTxvevebiT. sakasacio sasamarTlom 2005 wlis erT-erT ganCinebaSi (#3a/932-02) daafiqsira pozicia, romelic vfiqrobT, rom sworad warmoaCens meuRleTa saerTo qonebaze sakuTrebis warmoSobis moments.
sakasacio palatam xazi gausva garemoebas, rom uZrav qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba warmoiSoba sajaro reestrSi registraciis gziT da amis ZiriTadi mizania SemZenis interesebis dacva. kerZod, meuRleTa TanasakuTrebasTan mimarTebiT aRniSna: ,,... SemZenis interesebidan gamomdinare, meuRleTa qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi erTad SeZenil samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1158-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul uZrav qonebaze (TanasakuTrebaze) meuRleTa sakuTrebis ufleba warmoiSoba mxolod sajaro reestrSi orive maTganis registraciis Semdeg. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mesame pirebis mimarT reestris Canawerebi iTvleba sworad".
aqedan ukve cxadi xdeba, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis 185-e muxlis is debuleba, rom ,,meuRleTa mier qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi SeZenili qoneba warmoadgens maT saerTo qonebas (TanasakuTrebas)" ar unda ganimartos martooden sityva-sityviTi azriT. aseTi qoneba saerTo sakuTrebad iqceva, mxolod orive meuRlis uflebas sajaro reestrSi registraciiT. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, kasatorma misive nebiT xelidan gauSva SesaZlebloba, sajaro reestrSi aRricxuliyo, rogorc TanamesakuTre. mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom palatam gansazRvra samoqalaqo kodeqsis 158-e da 1160-e muxlebis adgili samoqalaqo normebis urTierTmimarTebis meqanizmSi. kerZod, Tu doqtrinasa da nawilobriv - praqtikaSi gavrcelebuli iyo azri, rom 158-e muxli 1160-esTan mimarTebiT zogad normas warmoadgenda, palatis azriT, orive SemTxvevaSi specialur normebTan gvaqvs saqme. es unda metyvelebdes mowesrigebis sagnobriv gansxvavebaze. kerZod, ganCinebis Tanaxmad ,,samoqalaqo kodeqsis 185-e muxli iZleva keTilsindisier SemZenis interesebis dacvis samarTlebriv garantiebs, xolo 1160-e muxli awesebs TanamesakuTre meuRlis interesebis dacvis iuridiul meqanizms". palata Tvlis, rom am SemTxvevaSi keTilsindisieri SemZenis interesebs unda mieniWos prioriteti, vinaidan TanamesakuTre meuRlem araferi iRona, sakuTrebis ufleba sajaro reestrSi rom daeregistrirebina.
bunebrivia, keTilisindisieri SemZenis interesebis dacvis sakiTxi maSinac dadgeba, roca TanamesakuTre meuRlisagan malulad moxdeba erT-erTi meuRlis saxelze mTeli sakuTrebis registracia. migvaCnia, rom verc es SemTxveva ver gaxdeba keTilsindisieri SemZenis uflebis uaryofis safuZveli.
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