muxli 6
samarTliani ganxilvis ufleba
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad:
1. samoqalaqo uflebaTa da movaleobaTa an sisxlis samarTlebrivi nebismieri braldebis gansazRvrisas yvelas aqvs ufleba kanoniT Seqmnili damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier gonivrul vadaSi samarTlian da sajaro mosmenaze. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba cxaddeba sajarod, magram demokratiul sazogadoebaSi zneobis, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis an erovnuli uSiSroebis interesebidan gamomdinare, presa da sazogadoeba SeiZleba ar daiSvas sasamarTlo ganxilvis mTel an mis nawilze, Tuki amas moiTxovs arasrulwlovanTa interesebi, mxareTa piradi cxovrebis dacva an, sasamarTlos SexedulebiT, gansakuTrebul garemoebebSi, mkacri aucileblobis zRvramde, Tu sajarooba zians miayenebda marTlmsajulebis interesebs.
2. yvela, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena, iTvleba udanaSaulod manam, sanam misi braleuloba damtkicdeba kanonis Sesabamisad.
3. yvelas, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena, aqvs uflebaTa Semdegi minimumi:
a) dauyovnebliv da detalurad ecnobos misTvis gasageb enaze wayenebuli braldebis arsi da mizezi;
b) mieces sakmarisi dro da SesaZlebloba dacvis mosamzadeblad;
c) daicvas Tavi piradad an mis mier arCeuli damcvelis meSveobiT an, Tu mas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi saxsrebi samarTlebrivi daxmarebis asanazRaureblad, mieces amis SesaZlebloba ufasod, rodesac marTlmsajulebis interesebi amas moiTxovs;
d) dakiTxos an daikiTxon mis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis mimcemi mowmeebi da uzrunvelyofil iqnes mis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis mimcem mowmeTa Tanabar pirobebSi Cayeneba;
e) miiRos Tarjimnis ufaso daxmareba, Tu mas ar SeuZlia gaigos an ilaparakos enaze, romelsac iyenebs sasamarTlo.
konvenciis me-6 muxli uzrunvelyofs adamianis uflebas samarTlian sasamarTlo ganxilvaze mxolod samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTalwarmoebisas. aRniSnuli uflebis did mniSvnelobasa da mis fundamenturobas naTlad mowmobs is faqti, rom strasburgis sasamarTlos mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebaTa umravlesoba swored samarTliani sasamarTlo uflebis darRvevas exeba. konvenciis me-6 muxliT uzrunvelyofili garantiebi ufro yovlismomcvelia sisxlis samarTalwarmoebisas, vidre samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebisas. amaze metyvelebs is faqti, rom zogadi ufleba samarTlian sasamarTlo uflebaze, romelic moculia konvenciis me-6(1) muxliT, ganmtkicebulia konkretuli garantiebiT, romlebic mocemulia me-6 muxlis me-2 da me-3 punqtebSi.[1]
samoqalaqo uflebebi da valdebulebebi
konvencia ar uzrunvelyofs uflebas samarTlian sasamarTlo ganxilvaze yvela uflebasa Tu TavisuflebasTan mimarTebiT, romlebic SesaZloa gansazRvrul iqnes erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi. uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi unda atarebdnen `samoqalaqo~ xasiaTs imisaTvis, raTa moxvdnen me-6 muxlis ganxilvis sferoSi. strasburgis sasamarTlom ganaviTara precedentuli samarTali imasTan mimarTebiT, Tu ra saxis urTierTobisas warmoSobili uflebebi warmoadgens `samoqalaqo uflebas~ da ra saxis urTierTobisas warmoSobili uflebebi ar xvdeba me-6 muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi. magaliTad, sasamarTlos mier miRebul gadawyvetilebaTa Tanaxmad, kerZo pirebs Soris warmoSobili urTierToba dasaqmebis, sakuTrebis[2] an komerciul samarTalTan dakavSirebul sferoSi yovelTvis miCneul iqna `samoqalaqo uflebad~.
Tumca, arsebobs aseve Zalian bevri administraciuli Tu sazogado ufleba, romlebic SesaZloa ar exebodes samoqalaqo uflebas an valdebulebas. Tuki gadavxedavT sasamarTlos mier dafiqsirebul midgomebs, vnaxavT, rom SeuZlebelia, miRebul iqnes zusti definicia, Tu ra saxis uflebebi Sedis samoqalaqoSi da ra saxis uflebebi rCeba me-6 muxlis moqmedebis sferos miRma.
strasburgis sasamarTlo waawyda garkveul problemebs im saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic exeboda kerZo pirsa da saxelmwifos Soris warmoSobil urTierTobebs gadasaxadebis, socialuri dacvis da sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebis sferoSi. zogadi wesis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic exeba piris pasuxismgeblobas gadasaxadebis gaxdasTan an gadasaxadebze SeRavaTebis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT, exeba sajaro samarTlis sferos. amitomac isini ar ganekuTvneba `samoqalaqo uflebebs~ me-6 muxlis gagebiT.
Tumca, saqmeSi Editions Periscope v. France[3] sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom saCivari, romelic exeboda materialur anazRaurebas zianTan mimarTebiT (rac gamoiwvia ganmcxadebeli kompaniisaTvis gadasaxadis Semcirebaze ukanonod uaris Tqmam), xvdeboda me-6 muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi. socialur dacvasTan dakavSirebiT saqmeSi Feldbrugge v. the Netherlands[4] sasamarTlom daadgina, rom avadmyofobis gamo kompensaciis miReba warmoadgenda samoqalaqo uflebas niderlandebis kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad. sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi miiRo is faqti, rom kerZo samarTlis sawyisebi mniSvnelovnad meti iyo aRniSnul saqmeSi, vidre sajaro samarTlis elementebi. sasamarTlom kerZo samarTlis niSnebi aRmoaCina im faqtebis safuZvelze, rom dasaqmebis xelSekruleba, iseve rogorc dazRvevis sistema, moicavdnen Zalian bevr msgavs elementebs kerZo samarTalTan. aseve, sasamarTlom yuradReba miaqcia im faqts, rom ganmcxadebeli sadazRvevo fondSi Senatans ixdida xelfasidan Tanxis daqviTvis gziT. momdevno saqmeebSi sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom me-6 muxli ar moicavs socialuri dazRvevisa da uzrunvelyofis sferos.[5] sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebeli xdeba gamovitanoT daskvna, Tu ra saxis urTierTobebidan warmoSobili uflebebi xvdeba samoqalaqo uflebebis CarCoebSi:
SemTxvevebi, romlebic xvdeba SemTxvevebi, romlebic ar xvdeba
samoqalaqo uflebaTa qveS samoqalaqo uflebaTa qveS
1.bavSebTan dakavSirebuli 1.sagadsaxado aRricxva da gada
gadawyvetilebebi mag. mamobis saxadebTan dakavSirebuli zogadi
dadgena, meurveoba da kontaqti sakiTxebi.
(Olsson v. Sweden ; Keegan v. Ireland
2.patentis sakuTrebasTan 2.imigraciasTan da erovnulobasT
dakavSirebuli davebi (magram ara an dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi P. v. U.K
mis mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli
formalobebi)
British American tobacco v. Netherlands
3.piris ufleba karg reputaciaze 3.sajaro moxeleTa ufleba, gaag
Golder v. U.K rZelon samsaxuri
4.ufleba profesiul saqmianobaze 4. patentis moTxovna X v. Austria
Neigel v. France H v. Belgium
5.komerciuli saqmianobis akrZalvaze 5. ufleba saxelmwifo ganaTlebaze
Pudas v. Sweden
6.ufleba gadasaxadebSi gadaxdili
fulis anazRaurebaze.
(National & Provincial Building
Society and others v. U.K).
sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom evropis sabWos wevri da konvenciis xelSemkvreli saxelmwifoebis kanonmdeblobebi fundamenturad ganasxvaveben erTmaneTisagan sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebul moxeleebs da kerZoOsamarTlis Tanaxmad dasaqmebul adamianebs. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom inter alia sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmeba da samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba zogadad me-6 muxlis farglebs gareT xvdeba.[6] Tumca, saqmeSi Lombardo v. Italy[7] sasamarTlom daadgina, rom dava, romelic warmoiSva mosamarTlis pensiasTan dakavSirebiT (rac kanoniT iyo gansazRvruli), samoqalaqo uflebas exeboda.
saqmeSi Mavronichis v. Cyprus[8] sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom konvenciis me-6 muxli exeboda kompensaciasTan dakavSirebul samarTalwarmoebas, romelic Sedegad mohyva administraciuli aqtis saSualebiT ganmcxadeblis dawunebas sajaro samsaxurisaTvis.
imisaTvis, raTa me-6 muxli iqnes gamoyenebuli, dava unda Seexebodes samoqalaqo uflebas an valdebulebas, romlis arsebobac gansazRvruli unda iyos erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT. me-6 muxli ar uzrunvelyofs saxelmwifoebis erovnul doneze raime garkveul Sinaarss samoqalaqo uflebisa Tu valdebulebisaTvis[9]. saqmeSi Fayed v. the United Kingdom sasamarTlom ganacxada:
gaaCnia Tu ara pirs me-6 muxliT moculi pretenzia, damokidebuli SeiZleba iyos ara marto im samoqalaqo uflebis arsebiT Sinaarsze, romelic gansazRvrulia erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT, aramed im saproceso barierebzec, romlebic xels uSlian an zRudaven potenciuri pretenziebis sasamarTlos winaSe wardgenis SesaZleblobas.
aucilebelia ara marto is, rom strasburgis sasamarTlos waredginos dava, romelic exeba samoqalaqo uflebebsa da valdebulebebs, aramed aucilebelia, xsenebuli uflebebi da valdebulebebi ganisazRvrebodes Sesabamisi samarTalwarmoebis Sedegad. saqmeSi Le Compte v. Belgium sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom me-6 muxli gamoiyeneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki samarTalwarmoeba `pirdapir kavSirSia~ da gadamwyveti mniSvneloba gaaCnia samoqalaqo xasiaTis uflebisa Tu valdebulebis gansazRvrisaTvis.
sisxlis samarTlebrivi braldeba
evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebSi gansxvavdeba da cvalebadobs praqtika imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra sakiTxebi ganixileba sisxlis samarTlebrivi kuTxiT da ra konkretuli qmedebebi iTvleba sisxlis samarTlebriv danaSaulad. Sesabamisad, strasburgis sasamarTlom Tavis precedentul samarTalSi ganaviTara sakuTari midgomebi da gamoamJRavna sakuTari avtonomiuri midgoma imasTan mimarTebiT, Tu ras gulisxmobs konvenciis me-6 muxliT moculi termini ~sisxlis samarTlebrivi braldebis gansazRvra~[10]. xsenebuli avtonomiuri midgomis dafiqsirebisas sasamarTlo Seexo Semdeg sam kriteriums:
erovnuli klasifikacia:
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki garkveul sakiTxs an qmedebas erovnuli kanonmdebloba akvalificirebs, rogorc sisxlis samarTlebrivs, am SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli sakiTxi erTmniSvnelovnad xvdeba konvenciis me-6 muxlis ganxilvis sferoSi (im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca sakiTxi Zalian mcire mniSvnelobisaa). im faqts, rom evropis sabWos konkretul saxelmwifoSi sakiTxi klasificirebulia, rogorc ara sisxlis samarTlebrivi, SesaZloa garkveuli (magram ara gadamwyveti) mniSvneloba hqondes strasburgis sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas. Tuki sasamarTlo mxolod daeyrdnoboda qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobiT sakiTxis sisxlis samarTlebriv klasifikacias, saxelmwifoebi advilad aicilebdnen Tavidan me-6 muxliT maTze dakisrebul valdebulebebs da martivad gadaakvalificirebdnen sisxlis samarTlebriv qmedebas disciplinarul an administraciulad.
samarTaldarRvevis xasiaTi:
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki situacia exeba mxolod pirTa konkretul jgufs (magaliTad, romelime profesiis warmomadgenlebs), maSin aRniSnuli mianiSnebs imaze, rom gamoyenebuli sanqcia ufro metad atarebs disciplinarul (vidre sisxlis samarTlebriv) xasiaTs. Tumca, Tuki sanqcia zogadi xasiaTisaa, igi, savaraudod, sisxlis samarTlebrivad CaiTvleba me-6 muxlis miznebisaTvis[11].
dakisrebuli sasjelis simkacre:
Tuki qveynis SinakanonmdeblobiT sakiTxi regulirebuli ar aris sisxlis samarTlebrivi kanonmdeblobiT, strasburgis sasamarTlo imis Sefasebisas _ xvdeba Tu ara Sesabamisi sakiTxi me-6 muxlis ganxilvis sferoSi _ yvelaze did mniSvneloba aniWebs sasjelis simkacres, romelic ganmcxadebels daekisra an SesaZloa dakisreboda. saqmeSi Bendenoun v. France sasamarTlom daadgina, rom sanqciebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan finansur jarimebs moiazrebdnen gadasaxadis gadauxdelobisaTvis, `sisxlis samarTlebrivi~ iyo, vinaidan moicavda seriozul sasjels (maT Soris, patimrobas gadauxdelobis SemTxvevaSi). sasamarTlom ramdenime sadao saxis samarTaldarRveva erTmniSvnelovnad sisxlis samarTlebrivad miiCnia _ magaliTad, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli samarTaldarRvevebi.
rac Seexeba TviT sisxlis samarTlebriv braldebas, sasamarTlo masSi moiazrebs rogorc `pirisaTvis kompetenturi xelisuflebis organos mier oficialur Setyobinebas, rom man, savaraudod, Caidina sisxlis samarTlebrivi danaSauli~, aseve eWvmitanilis mdgomareobas, rodesac es ukanaskneli mniSvnelovnad da arsebiTad iqna xelyofili[12] (magaliTad, pirisaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, jarimis dakisreba). im momentis gansazRvra, Tu rodis daeqvemdebara piri sisxlis samarTlebriv braldebas, Zalian mniSvnelovania, radganac swored am momentidan iwyeba gonivruli vadis aTvla.
samarTalwarmoebis etapebi, romlebic xvdeba me-6 muxlis ganxilvis sferoSi
miuxedavad im faqtisa, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxli miuTiTebs konkretulad samarTlian sasamarTlo ganxilvaze, es ukanaskneli gamoiyeneba aramarto TviT ganxilvasTan mimarTebiT, aramed im etapebis mimarTac, romlebic win uswreben da Tan sdeven sasamarTlo ganxilvas. sisxlis samarTlebriv saqmeebTan mimarTebiT sasamarTlom daadgina, rom konvenciis me-6 muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi xvdeba wina sasamarTlo etapze xelisuflebis erovnuli kompetenturi organos mier ganxorcielebuli gamoZiebis procesi[13].
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxli ar moiazrebs da ar uzrunvelyofs apelaciis uflebas rogorc samoqalaqo, aseve sisxlis samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebSi[14]. Tumca, rodesac saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs apelaciis uflebas, maRali instanciis sasamarTlos winaSe gamarTuli samarTalwarmoeba SesabamisobaSi unda iyos konvenciis me-6 muxlTan. yuradRebas ipyrobs sasamarTlos mier aRiarebuli erTi Zalian saintereso midgoma _ adgili ar eqneba konvenciis me-6 muxlis darRvevas, Tu igi ar akmayofilebs iseT moTxovnas, rogoricaa ufleba saqmis sajaro ganxilvaze. me-6 muxli ar dairRveva mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki aRniSnuli moTxovna dakmayofilebul iqneba dabali instanciis sasamarTloSi. saqmeSi Bruella Gomez v. Spain[15] strasburgis sasamarTlom daadgina, rom saqmis arsebiT ganxilvaze daSvebasTan dakavSirebuli axali wesebi, romlebic moqmedebda espaneTis uzenaes sasamarTloSi, Seusabamod ar zRudavda apelaciiT mimarTvis uflebas.
strasburgis sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, konvenciis me-6 muxliT garantirebuli ufleba vrceldeba ara marto sasamarTlo ganxilvasa da mis winmswreb etapebze, aramed Tanmdev etapebzec (rogoric aris sasamarTlo ganxilvis Sedegad gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba). aRniSnuli midgoma sasamarTlom pirvelad daafiqsira samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebiT saqmeSi Hornsby v. Greece[16]. analogiuri midgoma gamoamJRavna adamianis uflebaTa evropis sasamarTlos didma palatam saqmeze Assanidze v. Georgia[17], romelic exeboda qveynis uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis saqmeze gamotanili gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis aRusruleblobas TiTqmis 3 wlis manZilze. aRniSnul saqmeSi sasamarTlom erTmniSvnelovnad ganacxada, rom:
sasamarTlo kvlavac imeorebs, rom gamotanili ganaCenis aRsruleba aRqmul unda iqnes, rogorc sasamarTlo ganxilvis ganuyofeli nawili me-6 muxlis miznebisaTvis (ix. mutatis mutandis, zemoxsenebuli saqme Hornsby v. Greece, gv. 510-11, punqti 40; Burdov v. Russia, # 59498/00, punqtebi 34 da 35, ECHR 2002-III; da Jasiuniene v. Lithuania, # 41510/98, punqti 27, 2003 wlis 6 marti).
...
konvenciis me-6 muxliT miniWebuli garantiebi iluziuri iqneboda, Tuki xelSemkvreli saxelmwifos erovnuli sakanonmdeblo Tu administraciuli sistema miscemda imis SesaZleblobas, rom gamamarTlebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba gamarTlebuli piris sazianod ganuxorcielebeli darCeniliyo. daujerebeli iqneboda, rom me-6 muxlis 1-li punqti, amave muxlis me-3 punqtTan erTad aRebuli, moiTxovdes xelSemkvreli saxelmwifosagan pozitiuri nabijebis gadadgmas yvela im pirTan mimarTebaSi, romlebsac brali waeyenaT sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis CadenaSi (sxva magaliTebTan erTad ix. Barberà, Messegué and Jabardo v. Spain, 1988 wlis 6 dekembris ganaCeni, seria # 146, gv. 33-34, punqti 78) da detalurad gansazRvravdes procesSi monawile mxaris garantiebs (samarTalwarmoeba, romelic aris samarTliani, sajaro da swrafi), amave dros ar icavdes gamamarTlebeli gadawyvetilebis ganxorcielebas, romelic gamotanili iqna aseTi samarTalwarmoebis Sedegad. sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba Seadgens erT mTlian nawils da me-6 muxliT garantirebuli dacva ar wyvets moqmedebas pirvel instanciaSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Semdgom (ix. mutatis mutandis, Belziuk v. Poland, 1998 wlis 25 martis ganaCeni, moxsenebebi 1998-II, gv. 570, punqti 37).
xelmisawvdomoba sasamarTloze
marTalia, sasamarTloze xelmisawvdomobis ufleba naTlad ar aris gansazRvruli adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlSi, magram sasamarTlom saqmeSi Golder v. the United Kingdom daadgina, rom sasamarTloze xelmisawvdomobis ufleba moculia konvenciis me-6 muxliT da warmoadgens mis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes elements.
`amrigad, sasamarTlo, `interpretaciis damxmare saSualebebisadmi~ mimarTvis gareSe, rogorc es gansazRvrulia venis konvenciis 32-e muxliT, midis im daskvnamde, rom me-6 muxlis 1-li punqti icavs nebismieri piris uflebas _ warmoadginos samoqalaqo uflebebTan da valdebulebebTan, aseve sisxlis samarTlis braldebasTan dakavSirebuli saCivari sasamarTlos an tribunalis winaSe. ase rom, es muxli moicavs `uflebas sasamarTloze~, romlis ufleba sasamarTlosadmi xelmisawvdomobaze (rac gulisxmobs samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli samarTalwarmoebis aRZvris uflebas sasamarTlos winaSe) warmoadgens mxolod erT mxares. amas emateba me-6 muxlis 1-l punqtSi CamoTvlili garantiebi, romlebic exeba sasamarTlos organizebasa da Semadgenlobas, sasamarTlo procesebis warmarTvas. jamSi yvelaferi es qmnis uflebas saqmis patiosan da samarTlian ganxilvaze~.
aRniSnuli uflebis efeqturad ganxorcielebam, SesaZloa, sxva valdebulebebic daakisros konvenciis xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs _ magaliTad, iseTi valdebulebebi, rogoricaa samarTlebrivi daxmarebis aRmoCenis[18] valdebuleba samoqalaqo xasiaTis iseT saqmeebSi, romlebic amas saWiroeben maTi sirTulidan gamomdinare. saqmeSi Faulkner v. the United Kingdom[19] samoqalaqo saqmeze samarTlebrivi daxmarebis aRmouCenloba miCneul iqna me-6 muxlis moTxovnaTa darRvevad. kerZod, dadginda, rom aRniSnuli ewinaaRmdegeboda ganmcxadeblis uflebas, ganexorcielebina sasamarTloze efeqturi xelmisawvdomoba. sasamarTlos winaSe aRniSnul saqmeze morigeba iqna miRweuli mas Semdgom, rac mTavrobam ikisra valdebuleba, uzrunveleyo samarTlebrivi daxmarebis sistema samoqalaqo saqmeebSi.
saxelmwifoebs miniWebuli aqvT Tavisufali arCevanis ufleba sasamarTloze xelmisawvdomobis saSualebaTa uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT. anu, aqedan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia, dadgenil iqnes garkveuli SezRudvebi sasamarTloze xelmisawvdomobasTan mimarTebiT. Tumca, aRniSnuli SezRudvebi zians ar unda ayenebdes TviT xelmisawvdomobis uflebis ZiriTad arss[20], unda emsaxurebodes konkretul kanonier mizans da unda iyos proporciuli. sasamarTlos mier ganxiluli SezRudvebi moicavs, magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gadasaxadebs[21], konkretuli kategoriis mosarCeleTa mier samarTalwarmoebis aRZvris SezRudvas[22] da xandazmulobis vadebs[23].
zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, imisaTvis, raTa saxelmwifoebisaTvis miniWebuli diskreciis safuZvelze sasamarTloze xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebiT dadgenili SezRudvebi konvenciis me-6 muxlTan Sesabamisad CaiTvalos, unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs:
Ø unda emsaxurebodes kanonier mizans;
Ø SesabamisobaSi unda iyos proporciulobis principTan;
Ø zians ar unda ayenebdes TviT sasamarTloze xelmisawvdomobis uflebis arss.
strasburgis sasamarTlos mier sasamarTloze xelmisawvdomobis ufleba darRveulad iqna miCneuli, rodesac:
- eklesias uari eTqva sakuTrebis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebuli samarTalwarmoebis aRZvraze im motiviT, rom mas ar gaaCnda samarTlebrivi statusi[24];
- samarTalwarmoebis aRZvra SesaZlebelia mxolod sxva pirisa Tu organos mier miuxedavad imisa, rom ganmcxadebels gaaCnia pirdapiri interesi samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebiT[25];
- policia sargeblobs imunitetiT mis winaaRmdeg samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis aRZvrisagan, rodesac es ukanaskneli ver ganaxorcielebs danaSaulis jerovan gamoZiebas[26];
- sasamarTloebi ar arian kompetenturni, ganixilon saCivari, romelic dakavSirebulia komunisturi diqtaturis periodSi qonebis restituciasTan[27].
ufleba damoukidebel da miukerZoebel sasamarTloze
konvenciis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, yvelas aqvs ufleba kanoniT Seqmnili damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier gonivrul vadaSi samarTlian da sajaro mosmenaze. aRniSnul garantiaSi ori moTxovnaa erTmaneTTan gadajaWvuli _ sasamarTlos damoukidebloba da miukerZoebloba, romelTac strasburgis sasamarTlo yovelTvis erTad ganixilavs.
damoukidebloba
imis Sefasebisas, aris Tu ara erovnuli sasamarTlo damoukidebeli, strasburgis sasamarTlo ramodenime faqtors aqcevs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas:
Ø sasamarTlos wevrTa daniSvna;
Ø mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobaze daniSvnis vada;
Ø garantiebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen mosamarTleebs, ar ganicadon zewola;
Ø sasamarTlos mier damoukideblobis gamomJRavneba.
strasburgis sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaamaxvila moTxovnaze, rom erovnuli sasamarTlo damoukidebeli unda iyos rogorc aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisagan, aseve mxareebisagan[28]. damoukideblobis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes niSnad evropulma sasamarTlom daasaxela moTxovna, rom erovnuli sasamarTlosa Tu tribunalis mier gamotanili gadawyvetileba samarTlebrivad savaldebulo unda iyos Sesasruleblad[29]. erovnul sasamarTlos ar gaaCnia damoukideblobis aucilebeli xarisxi, Tuki igi savaldebulod aRiarebs mTavrobis mier micemul mosazrebas im xelSekrulebis debulebebis ganmartebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis interpretacia da ganmartebac man unda moaxdinos.
saqmeSi Sramek v. Austria[30] sasamarTlom daadgina me-6 muxlis darRveva imis safuZvelze, rom tribunali ar iyo damoukidebeli, vinaidan samarTalwarmoebis monawile iyo mTavroba, xolo misi warmomadgeneli ki _ tribunalis momxsenebel pirze ierarqiulad zemdgomi Tanamdebobis piri.
mxolod is faqti, rom tribunalis wevrebi iniSnebian aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlis mier, TavisTavad ar arRvevs konvencias. imisaTvis, raTa dadgenil iqnes me-6 muxlis darRveva, ganmcxadebels dasWirdeba damtkiceba, rom TviT daniSvnis praqtika mTlianobaSi aradamakmayofilebeli iyo.
miukerZoebloba
saqmeSi Piersack v. Belgium miukerZoebloba sasamarTlom ganmarta, rogorc saqmesTan dakavSirebiT winaswari rwmenis da mikerZoebis uqonloba. imis Sefasebisas, aris Tu ara sasamarTlo miukerZoebeli, strasburgis sasamarTlo iyenebs rogorc subieqtur, aseve obieqtur tests.
subieqturi testis Tanaxmad, warmodgenil unda iqnes faqtebi, romlebic daamtkiceben, rom sasamarTlos wevri moqmedebda mikerZoebiT ganmcxadeblis interesebis sawinaaRmdegod[31]. aRniSnuli testis ganxorcieleba da damtkiceba gansakuTrebiT Znelia ganmcxadeblisaTvis, radganac man unda daamtkicos, rom namdvilad hqonda adgili sasamarTlos mier mikerZoebas.
obieqturi testis safuZvelze gansazRvrul unda iqnes _ mosamarTlis qcevis garda, arsebobs Tu ara sxva faqtebi, romlebic wamoWrian eWvebs mis miukerZoeblobasTan dakavSirebiT. sakiTxi dgas im kuTxiT, gamarTlebuli SeiZleba iyos Tu ara ganmcxadeblis SiSi, rom mosamarTle ar sargeblobs miukerZoeblobis aucilebeli xarisxiT[32].
saqmeSi Hauschildt v. Denmark strasburgis sasamarTlom daadgina, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-6 muxlis, kerZod miukerZoeblobis, debulebis darRvevas, radganac mosamarTles, romelic saqmes ixilavda, monawileoba hqonda miRebuli wina sasamarTlo etapze ganmcxadeblisaTvis aRmkveTi RonisZiebis Sefardebis gadawyvetilebis gamotanaSi. xsenebulma mosamarTlem wina sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa gamotanis 9 SemTxvevaSi miuTiTa gansakuTrebiT Zlier eWvze, rom ganmcxadebeli damnaSave iyo. Sesabamisad, strasburgis sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom ganmcxadeblis SiSi, winaswar Camoyalibebul mrwamsTan da mikerZoebasTan dakavSirebiT, obieqturad gamarTlebuli iyo.
aseTsave magaliTs warmoadgens saqme Ferrantelli and Santangelo v. Italy, sadac sasamarTlom daadgina me-6 muxlis darRveva im motiviT, rom saapelacio kolegiis Tavmjdomare, romelic ixilavda ganmcxadeblis saapelacio saCivars, monawileobas iRebda ganmcxadeblis mier Cadenili qmedebis Tanamonawilis msjavrdebaSi. TanamonawilesTan dakavSirebiT gamotanili ganaCeni moicavda mraval miniSnebas ganmcxadeblis xsenebul danaSaulSi monawileobaze. garda amisa, saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganaCeni, romliTac msjavri daedo ganmcxadebels, iSveliebda mraval citatas wina ganaCenidan, romelic exeboda da msjavrs sdebda ganmcxadeblis Tanamonawiles. strasburgis sasamarTlom xsenebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi sakmarisad CaTvala imisaTvis, raTa ganmcxadeblis SiSi _ mosamarTlis miukerZoeblobasTan dakavSirebiT _ gamarTlebulad CaeTvala.
samarTliani sasamarTlo uflebis garantiebi
sasamarTlo ganxilvaze gansasjelis daswrebis ufleba
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlom daadgina, rom gansasjels ufleba unda hqondes, daeswros sasamarTlo ganxilvas[33]. ganmcxadeblis gareSe sasamarTlo ganxilvis Catareba SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, Tuki xelisuflebis organoebi moqmedebdnen patiosnad da jerovani RonisZiebebi ganaxorcieles braldebulis warsadgenad sasamarTlo sxdomaze, magram aman Sedegi ar gamoiRo[34].
piris ufleba, daeswros saapelacio saCivars, damokidebulia TviT am saCivris farglebze. anu, im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki sasamarTlo ganixilavs mxolod samarTlebriv sakiTxebs anu sakasacio saCivars, ganmcxadeblis daswreba ar aris aucilebeli. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ganixileba rogorc faqtebi, aseve samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi, ganmcxadeblis daswrebis aucilebloba gansazRvrul unda iqnes iqidan gamomdinare, Tu ramdenad Seuwyobs aRniSnuli xels sasamarTlos, imsjelos faqtobriv garemoebebTan mimarTebiT.[35]
danaSaulis aRiarebis valdebulebisagan Tavisufleba
samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba aseve moicavs danaSaulis aRiarebisagan Tavisuflebis uflebas. saqmeSi Saunders v. the United Kingdom kompaniis direqtori valdebuli iyo, kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis SiSiT, pasuxi gaeca kiTxvebisaTvis, romlebic mas dausves samTavrobo inspeqtorebma. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-6 muxlis darRvevas im motiviT, rom is informacia, romelic xsenebulma pirma misca gamoZiebas, gamoyenebul iqna, rogorc mtkicebuleba mis winaaRmdeg im sasamarTlo ganxilvaze, romlis Sedegadac mas msjavri daedo. yvelaze mTavari is aris, rom ganmcxadeblis msjavrdeba umTavresad ar emyarebodes msjavrdebulis mier sasamarTlo Tu wina sasamarTlo etapze micemul Cvenebas. danaSaulis TviTaRiarebis principis darRvevad ar CaiTvleba, rodesac pirs daakisreben jarimis gadaxdas ficis dadebaze uaris TqmasTan dakavSirebiT _ sanam gamomZiebeli mosamarTle misgan mtkicebulebebs moipovebs.[36]
samarTlebriv saSualebaTa Tanasworoba
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom samarTlebriv saSualebaTa Tanasworobis dacva warmoadgens samarTliani sasamarTlo uflebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes mxares. samarTlebriv saSualebaTa Tanasworobis principis Tanaxmad, samarTalwarmoebis TiToeul mxares unda mieces gonivruli SesaZlebloba, raTa saqmesTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi argumentacia warmoadginos sasamarTlos winaSe ise, rom arsebiTi uTanasworoba ar ganicados meore mxaresTan mimarTebiT.U
strasburgis sasamarTlom aRniSnuli principis darRveva daadgina sisxlis samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeSi Foucher v. France. mopasuxes, romelsac surda, sakuTari interesebi TviTon warmoedgina, uari eTqva prokuroris mier saqmis masalebze xelmisawvdomobis ganxorcielebis faqtoris gamo. man ver SeZlo, moepovebina dokumentacia, romelic mis saqmesTan iqneboda dakavSirebuli da, Sesabamisad, ver SeZlo, moemzadebina sakuTari argumentacia jerovnad da adekvaturad.
Tanasworobis principi aseve gamoiyeneba samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebasTan mimarTebiT da darRveulad miiCneva maSin, rodesac, magaliTad, ganmcxadeblebs ar eZlevaT saSualeba, pasuxi gascen werilobiT argumentacias, romelic warmodgenilia sasamarTlos winaSe saxelmwifo warmomadgenlis, advokatis mier.[37] saqmeSi Ankerl v. Switzerland sasamarTlom ar daadgina Tanasworobis principis darRveva, rodesac Sveicariis sasamarTlom uari ganucxada ganmcxadeblis meuRles, ficis qveS mieca Cveneba sasamarTlosaTvis ganmcxadeblis saCivris mxardasaWerad.
Tanasworobis principis darRvevas aseve adgili eqneba maSinac, Tuki konvenciis xelSemkvreli saxelmwifos Sida kanonmdebloba araTanabar mdgomareobaSi ayenebs samarTalwarmoebis mxareebs, roca es mimarTulia ganmcxadeblis samoqalaqo sarCelis Sedegad warmoebuli samarTalwarmoebis Sedegis mis winaaRmdeg warmarTvisaken.
saqmeSi Jespers v. Belgium adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam daadgina, rom Tanasworobis principi me-6 muxlis me(3) punqtTan erTad akisrebs valdebulebas sagamoZiebo organoebs, braldebuls gaacnon nebismieri masala, romelic maT xelT aqvT, an romelzec maT SeiZleba xeli miuwvdebodeT _ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am masalis an informaciis meSveobiT braldebuls SeeZleba Tavis gamarTleba an misTvis dakisrebuli sasjelis Semsubuqeba. aRniSnuli wesi aseve vrceldeba masalebsa Tu informaciaze, romelsac SeuZlia gamoZiebis mowmis mier micemuli Cvenebis gabaTileba.
SejibrebiTobis principi
saqmeSi Vermelen v. Belgium[38] sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom SejibrebiTobis principi niSnavs imas, rom samarTalwarmoebis mxareebs hqondeT Sansi, icnobdnen da hqondeT komentarebis gakeTebis saSualeba saqmesTan dakavSirebul yvela mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebiT. aRniSnuli principis darRvevas adgili hqonda saqmeSi Van Orshoven v. Belgium[39], rodesac ganmcxadebels ar gaaCnda saSualeba, belgiur sasamarTloebSi pasuxi gaeca generaluri prokuroris mier warmodgenili argumentaciisaTvis.
saqmeSi Rowe and Davis v. the United Kingdom evropulma sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis gamJRavneba absolutur uflebas ar warmoadgens da SezRudva SesaZloa ganxorcieldes mowmeTa dacvis interebidan an policiis mier gamoZiebis meTodebis saidumloebis dacvis interesebidan gamomdinare. Tumca, rac yvelaze mTavaria, erovnulma sasamarTlom umTavresad ar SeiZleba, msjavrdeba daafuZnos im mtkicebulebaze, romlis momdinareoba (an TviT Sinaarsi) ar aris cnobili ganmcxadeblisaTvis.
gonivruli vada
evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxli yvelasaTvis uzrunvelyofs samarTlian sasamarTlo ganxilvis uflebas, romelic unda ganxorcieldes gonivrul vadaSi. strasburgis sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, aRniSnuli garantiis mizans warmoadgens `samarTalwarmoebis mxareebis dacva gaWianurebuli sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebisagan~. garantia:
`xazs usvams marTlmsajulebis gaWianurebis gareSe ganxorcielebis saWiroebas, romlis ararsebobasac SeuZlia, ziani miayenos TviT marTlmsajulebis efeqturobasa da sarwmunoobas~.
xsenebulidan gamomdinare, gonivruli vadis moTxovnis daniSnulebas warmoadgens imis uzrunvelyofa, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis meSveobiT gonivrul vadaSi pirma bolo mouRos im daucvel mdgomareobas, romelSic igi aRmoCnda samoqalaqo Tu sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis mimdinareobis periodSi. anu, aRniSnuli, pirvel rigSi, Sedis rogorc Tavad piris, aseve marTlmsajulebis jerovnad ganxorcielebis interesSi.
gansaxilveli gonivruli vadis aTvla samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebSi iwyeba samarTalwarmoebis aRZvrisTanave, xolo sisxlis samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebSi _ braldebis wayenebisTanave[40]. rac Seexeba gonivruli vadis dinebis Sewyvetas, es momenti dgeba maSin, rodesac saqmesTan dakavSirebuli samarTalwarmoeba mTavrdeba umaRles instanciaSi, anu, rodesac saqmesTan dakavSirebuli ganxilvis Sedegad gamotanil iqneba saboloo gadawyvetileba.[41]
strasburgis sasamarTlo erovnul instanciebSi ganxorcielebuli samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobis Semowmebas iwyebs im dRidan, rodesac xelSemkvrelma saxelmwifom moaxdina konvenciis ratificireba. Tumca, mxedvelobaSi miiReba drois is xangrZlivoba, romelic gavida ratificirebamde.[42]
strasburgis sasamarTlom mis mier dadgenil precedentul samarTalSi aRniSna, rom rodesac sakiTxi exeba erovnul instanciebSi ganxorcielebuli samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobis gonivrulobas, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli Semdegi faqtorebi:
1. gansaxilveli saqmis sirTule;
2. ganmcxadeblis qmedebebi da misi qceva;
amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos ar dauwesebia raime universaluri saxis standarti gonivrul vadasTan dakavSirebiT, aramed mxedvelobaSi iRebs konkretuli saqmis garemoebebs da, zemoxsenebuli kriteriumebis safuZvelze, axorcielebs saqmis mTlian da yovlismomcvel Sefasebas.
1. saqmis sirTule
saqmis sirTulis SefasebisaTvis saqmesTan dakavSirebuli yvela faqtori unda iqnes Sefasebuli. saqmis sirTule SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos rogorc faqtebTan, aseve samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan.[44] strasburgis sasamarTlo mniSvnelobas aniWebs im faqtebis xasiaTs, romlebic dadgenil unda iqnes[45], aseve, saqmeSi monawile braldebulebisa da mowmeebis raodenobas[46], saqmeebis gaerTianebas[47], proceduraSi sxva pirebis Carevas.[48]
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki saqme gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT gamoirCeva, SesaZlebelia, gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos xangrZlivi samarTalwarmoeba. magaliTad, saqmeSi BoddaerT v. Belgium[49] eqvsi weli da sami Tve strasburgis sasamarTlos mier ar CaiTvala aragonivrulad, radganac saqme exeboda mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebul rTul gamoZiebas da paraleluri ori saqmis mimdinareobas. Tumca, xsenebuli ar gamoricxavs imas, rom Zalian rTul saqmeebSic SesaZlebelia, adgili hqondes aragonivrul gaWianurebas. saqmeSi Ferantelli and Santangelo v. Italy[50] sasamarTlom daadgina, rom samarTalwarmoebis mimdinareoba 16 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqmeze, romelic exeboda mkvlelobasTan da arasrulwlovanebTan dakavSirebul rTul saqmes, aragonivruli da Seusabamo iyo konvenciis me-6 muxlTan.
2. ganmcxadeblis qmedebebi da misi qceva
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki samarTalwarmoebis gaWianureba gamowveulia ganmcxadeblis mizeziT, aRniSnuli safuZvels gamoaclis mis saCivars samarTalwarmoebis gaWianurebasTan dakavSirebiT. Tumca, ganmcxadeblis sawinaaRmdego argumentad ar SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes is faqti, rom am ukanasknelma mimarTa da srulad gamoiyena Tavis dasacavad is saproceso saSualebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofili iyo dacvis ganxorcielebisaTvis. amasTan erTad, ganmcxadebeli valdebuli ar aris, aqtiurad iTanamSromlos im samarTalwarmoebis daCqarebaSi, ris Sedegadac mas ueWvelad emuqreba msjavris dadeba wayenebul braldebaSi.[51] im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ganmcxadebeli cdilobs, Tavisi qmedebebiT daaCqaros samarTalwarmoebis ganxorcieleba, aRniSnuli CaiTvleba mis sasargeblod. xolo, Tuki igi aqtiurad ar cdilobs samarTalwarmoebis daCqarebas, es negatiurad ar aisaxeba ganmcxadeblis pretenziaze samarTalwarmoebis gaWianurebasTan dakavSirebiT.[52]
saqmeSi Union Alimentaria Sanders S.A. v. Spain sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom ganmcxadeblis valdebulebas warmoadgens mxolod `mcdelobisa da survilis gamomJRavneba, gaiaros Sesabamisi saproceso etapebi, Tavi Seikavos gamaWianurebeli taqtikis arCevisagan da srulad gamoiyenos da imoqmedos im farglebSi, romlebic mas miniWebuli aqvs kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad samarTalwarmoebis SemoklebisaTvis.[53] saqmeSi Ciricosta and Viola v. Italy[54], im samuSaoebis SeCerebasTan dakavSirebul moTxovnas, romlebic arRvevdnen sakuTrebis uflebas (radganac ganmcxadebelma 17 jer moiTxova procesis gadadeba da pretenzia ar ganacxada 6 sxva gadadebaze, romelic meore mxarem moiTxova), sasamarTlom daadgina, rom 15 weli ar iyo aragonivruli.
Tumca, saqmeSi Beaumartin v. France[55] ganmcxadeblebma xeli Seuwyves samarTalwarmoebis gaWianurebas im motiviT, rom ganacxadi Tavdapirvelad SecdomiT Seitanes arakompetentur sasamarTloSi, xolo saapelacio sasamarTloSi werilobiTi argumentacia waradgines ganacxadis Setanidan 4 Tvis Semdgom. amis gamo, sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom mopasuxe mTavrobis xelisuflebis organoebis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebi, kerZod erovnuli sasamarTlos mier saqmeze pirveli mosmenis gamarTva ganacxadis Setanidan 5 wlis Semdgom da mopasuxe saministros mier werilobiTi argumentaciis warsadgenad 20 Tviani vadis gamoyeneba, srul SeusabamobaSi iyo gonivruli vadis moTxovnasTan.
3. saxelmwifos marTlmsajulebisa da administraciuli organoebis qmedebebi
imis gansazRvrisas, gonivruli vada dacul iqna Tu ara, strasburgis sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs mxolod gaWianurebis im periodebs, romlebic miewereba saxelmwifos, anu sasamarTlo Tu administraciuli xelisuflebis organoebs. rodesac evropuli sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs samarTalwarmoebis xangrZlivobasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo exeba marTlmsajulebis jerovnad ganxorcielebis princips, saxeldobr princips, romlis Tanaxmadac erovnuli sasamarTloebi valdebulni arian, jerovnad ganixilon maT winaSe warmodgenili saqmeebi.[56] aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa, aucilebeli gaxdes sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebis gadadeba garkveuli mizezebis an mtkicebulebis mopovebis gamo. saqmeSi Ewing v. the United Kingdom[57] sami saqmis gaerTianeba xelisuflebis organoebis mier, ramac gamoiwvia sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebis gadadeba, ar CaiTvala TviTneburad an aragonivrulad an marTlmsajulebis jerovnad ganxorcielebis Seusabamo gaWianurebis mizezad. sasamarTlom naTeli gaxada, rom marTlmsajulebis erovnuli organoebis mier ganxorcielebuli mcdelobebi, samarTalwarmoebis maqsimalurad daCqarebasTan dakavSirebiT, Zalian did da mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs imaSi, rom ganmcxadeblebma isargeblon me-6 muxliT uzrunvelyofili garantiebiT[58]. xsenebulidan gamomdinare, erovnul sasamarTloebs ekisrebaT valdebuleba, uzrunvelyon, rom samarTalwarmoebis yvela monawilem maqsimalurad ecados, Tavidan aicilos aucileblobas moklebuli gaWianureba.
samarTalwarmoebis gaWianurebis SemTxvevebi (roca pasuxismgebloba daekisraT saxelmwifoebs) samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebSi moicaven: samarTalwarmoebis gadadebas sxva saqmeze ganaCenis dadgenamde; sasamarTlo ganxilvis an saxelmwifos mier mtkicebulebis warmodgenis gadadebas; sasamarTlos registraturis an administraciuli organoebis braliT gamowveul gaWianurebas. sisxlis samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebSi isini moicaven: sasamarTloebs Soris saqmeebis moZraobas; ori an meti gansasjelis saqmis mosmenas erTdroulad; ganaCenis miwodebas braldebulisaTvis.
saqmeSi Zimmerman and Steiner v. Switzerland evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom `saxelmwifoebs ekisrebaT valdebuleba, ise moawyon erovnuli samarTlebrivi sistema, rom erovnul sasamarTloebs saSualeba gaaCndeT, maTi qmedebebi SesabamisobaSi iyos me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis moTxovnebTan _ maT Soris, gonivruli vadis moTxovnasTan~[59]. zemoxsenebul saqmeSi samarTalwarmoebis gaWianurebis mizezs warmoadgenda Zalian bevri gansaxilveli saqme, romlebic dagrovili iyo saxelmwifos sasamarTlo sistemis winaSe. sasamarTlom daadgina ra me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis darRveva, aRniSna, rom saxelmwifoebma maqsimalurad unda uzrunvelyon da ganaxorcielon adekvaturi RonisZiebebi, raTa maTi sasamarTlo sistema iyos moqnili da efeqturi. adekvaturi RonisZiebebi, SesaZloa, moicavdes da gulisxmobdes damatebiTi mosamarTleebisa Tu administraciuli personalis daniSvnas. Tumca, zogadad ar dadgindeba darRveva, Tuki: sasamarTloebis winaSe gansaxilveli saqmeebis dagrovebas droebiTi xasiaTi aqvs; gamonakliss warmoadgens; aRniSnulis aRmosafxvrelad saxelmwifom yvela aucilebeli RonisZieba ganaxorciela gonivrul vadaSi. rodesac aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs sakuTari gadawyvetileba, strasburgis sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs Sesabamisi saxelmwifos politikur da socialur-politikur mdgomareobas.[60]
dasabuTebuli ganaCenis ufleba
evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxli moiTxovs, rom erovnulma sasamarTloebma dasabuTebuli ganaCeni gamoitanon rogorc samoqalaqo, aseve sisxlis samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebze. marTalia, erovnuli sasamarTloebi valdebulni ar arian, detaluri pasuxebi gascen ganmcxadeblis mier wamoWril yvela sakiTxs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ganmcxadeblis mier wardgenil argumentacias fundamenturi mniSvneloba gaaCnia saqmis SedegTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlom ganaCenSi detaluri pasuxi unda warmoadginos. saqmeSi Hiro Balani v. Spain ganmcxadebelma warmoadgina argumentacia sasamarTlos winaSe, romelic saWiroebda konkretul da naTel pasuxs. erovnuli sasamarTlos mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebaSi faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli iyo imis garkveva, sasamarTlom ugulebelyo xsenebuli sakiTxis ganxilva Tu ukuagdo igi, da Tu ukuagdo _ ra mizeziT. aRniSnuli sasamarTlom miiCnia me-6 muxlis sawinaaRmdegod.
amasTan dakavSirebiT erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani midgoma, rac ganaxorciela evropulma sasamarTlom, mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sasamarTlos an msajulTa gadawyvetilebaSi mkafiod, naTlad da jerovnad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli mizezebi sisxlis samarTlebriv saqmeebze verdiqtebis gamotanisas.
mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba
strasburgis sasamarTlos mier ganxilul saqmeebSi sasamarTlos mravaljer mouxda im sakiTxis ganxilva, warmoadgens Tu ara konvenciis me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis darRvevas erovnuli sasamarTloebis mier garkveul kategoriaTa mtkicebulebebis miReba samarTalwarmoebis procesSi. strasburgis sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom saqmesTan dakavSirebul mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba uwinaresad saxelmwifoebis erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT regulirdeba da, Sesabamisad, maTi Sefaseba, pirvel yovlisa, swored erovnuli sasamarTloebis kompetenciaSi Sedis. evropulma sasamarTlom ramdenimejer ganacxada, rom mis kompetenciaSi ar Sedis imis ganxilva, Tu ramdenad Sesabamisad iqna erovnuli sasamarTlos mier konkretuli mtkicebulebebis daSvebadoba da gaTvaliswineba. aramed, strasburgis sasamarTlo afasebs, mTlianobaSi ramdenad samarTlianad da patiosnad iqna warmarTuli samarTalwarmoeba, maT Soris, mtkicebulebebTan mimarTebiTac.[61] saqmeSi Schenk v. Switzerland strasburgis sasamarTlom daadgina, rom konvenciis me-6 muxlTan Seusabamo ar iyo erovnuli sasamarTlos mier im mtkicebulebis miReba, romelic arakanonieri gziT iyo mopovebuli.[62] aRniSnul mtkicebulebas warmoadgenda Canaweri, romelic amxelda mas danaSaulis CadenaSi. aRniSnuli midgoma sasamarTlom ganaxorciela im mizezis gamo, rom ganmcxadebels hqonda saSualeba, gaesaCivrebina Canaweris gamoyeneba. rac yvelaze mTavaria, arsebobda sxva mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec ZiriTadad daefuZna gamotanili msjavrdeba.
saqmeSi Teixero de Castro v. Portugal[63] sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-6 muxlis darRvevas, vinaidan ganmcxadebeli uwinaresad msjavrdebul iqna im gancxadebebis safuZvelze, romlebic gakeTebul iqna policiis saidumlo agentis mier. swored man moaxdina ganmcxadeblis inspirireba da waqezeba, Caedina danaSauli. strasburgis sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, sajaro interesebs ar SeuZliaT, gaamarTlon iseTi mtkicebulebis daSveba erovnuli sasamarTloebis mier, romlebic mopovebulia policiis mier danaSaulis Cadenis waqezebis Sedegad.
arasaTanado mopyrobis Sedegad mopovebul mtkicebulebaTa gamoyeneba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebisas kategoriulad dauSvebelia. saqmeSi G. v. the United Kingdom[64] komisiam aRniSna, rom advokatze xelmisawvdomoba dayovnebliv da adreul stadiaSive Zalian mniSvnelovani garantiaa aRiarebiTi Cvenebis sarwmunoobisaTvis. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli komisiis Tanaxmad, roca braldeba efuZneba mxolod braldebulis mier gakeTebul aRiarebas, unda arsebobdes procedura, romlis Sedegadac SesaZlebeli iqneba aseTi mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobis gadamowmeba. sasamarTlom ganixila srul izolaciaSi myofi piris aRiareba saqmeSi Barbera, Messegue and Jabardo v. Spai.[65]. sasamarTlom xelSemkvrel mTavrobebs mouwoda, Tavi Seikavon srul izolaciaSi mopovebuli aRiarebebisagan gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac ganmcxadebels, anu aRiarebis mimcem pirs, ar hqonda saSualeba, samarTlebrivi konsultacia ganexorcielebina Tavis advokatTan.
me-6 muxlis me-2 punqti (udanaSaulobis prezumfcia)
evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad:
yvela, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena, iTvleba udanaSaulod, sanam misi braleuloba damtkicdeba kanonis Sesabamisad.
marTalia, xsenebuli punqti ZiriTadad exeba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebs, magram exeba zogierTi kategoriis samoqalaqo saqmeebsac, romlebsac konvencia miiCnevs sisxlis samarTlebrivad (kerZod, profesiul disciplinarul samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebs)[66].
saqmeSi Barbera, Messegue and Jabardo v. Spain evropulma sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom:
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia inter alia moiTxovs, sakuTari movaleobebis ganxorcielebisas sasamarTlos wevrebi saqmis ganxilvas ar Seudgnen winaswar Camoyalibebuli rwmeniT, rom gansasjelma Caidina is danaSauli, romelic mas bralad aqvs wayenebuli. amis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba gamoZiebas da aRniSnulTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri eWvi ganmartebul unda iqnes gansasjelis sasargeblod.
Tumca, me-6 muxlis me-2 punqti gagebul ar unda iqnes imgvarad, TiTqos es ukanaskneli krZalavs iseTi wesebis gamoyenebas, romlebic braldebuls akisreben dacvis ganxorcielebis tvirTs maSin, rodesac braldebis mtkicebis sruli tvirTi akisria gamoZiebas.
konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-2 punqti srulad exeba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis saqmeebs da mosamarTleebis Tu xelisuflebis maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis mier braldebulis damnaSaveobasTan dakavSirebiT gakeTebul komentarebs; an ganxorcielebul qmedebebs, romlebic sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gareSe mianiSneben piris damnaSaveobaze. saqmeSi Minelli v. Switzerland ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg aRZruli gamoZieba Sewyda xandazmulobis vadis gasvlis gamo. Tumca, erovnulma sasamarTlom brZana, rom ganmcxadebels unda gadaexada gamoZiebis mier gaweuli xarjebis nawili, aseve, kompensacia savaraudo msxverplisaTvis im motiviT, rom xandazmulobis vadis gausvlelobis SemTxvevaSi igi sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebulad iqneboda miCneuli. strasburgis sasamarTlom daadgina, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtis darRvevas, radganac erovnuli sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gadawyvetileba Seusabamo iyo udanaSaulobis principTan.
rogorc zemoT iqna naxsenebi, ara mxolod erovnuli sasamarTloebi, aramed xelisuflebis erovnuli organoebic valdebulni arian, daicvan udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principi. saqmeSi Allenet de Ribemont v. France ganmcxadebelTan dakavSirebiT (romelic imyofeboda policiis patimrobaSi) policiis maRali Tanamdebobis pirma gaakeTa gancxadeba, rom igi iyo mkvlelobis wamqezebeli. strasburgis sasamarTlom daadgina, rom udanaSaulobis prezumfcia exebodaT aseve xelisuflebis organoebs, `rodesac ganmcxadebeli braldebuli iyo sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis CadenaSi~. policiis Tanamdebobis piris mier bralis dadasturebam raime kvalifikaciisa Tu daTqmis gareSe ubiZga sazogadoebas, manamde daejerebina, rom ganmcxadebeli damnaSave iyo, sanam saqmesTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi Sefasebul da ganxilul iqneboda sasamarTlos mier da gamotanili iqneboda gadawyvetileba piris msjavrdebasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli miCneul iqna udanaSaulobis prezumfciasTan Seusabamod. am ukanasknelis darRvevis gamosworebaze ki TviT im faqtmac ver imoqmeda, rom ganmcxadebeli mogvianebiT gaTavisuflebul iqna sakmarisi mtkicebulebebis arqonis motiviT.
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia Tanabrad unda iqnes daculi rogorc sasamarTlo ganxilvis win, aseve sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdgomac. saqmeSi Sekanina v. Austria sasamarTlom daadgina, rom erovnuli sasamarTloebis mier dauSvebelia im eWvebze dayrdnoba, romlebTan mimarTebiTac sasamarTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebiT ganmcxadebeli gamarTlebulad iqna miCneuli.
me-6 muxlis me-3(a) punqti: piris uflebaa _ dauyovnebliv da detalurad ecnobos wayenebuli braldebis arsi da mizezi misTvis gasageb enaze.
me-6 muxlis me-3 (a-e) qvepunqtebSi CamoTvlili garantiebi ar aris amomwuravi. xsenebuli punqtis qvepunqtebi gansazRvraven patiosani da samarTliani sasamarTlos konkretul aspeqtebs. sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom kavSiri me-6 muxlis 1-l punqtsa da me-6 muxlis me-3 punqts Soris aris iseTive, `rogoric zogadsa da konkretuls Soris~. amitomac sisxlis samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebSi samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba, SesaZloa, dairRves im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtSi mocemuli minimaluri garantiebi Sesrulebulia[67]. me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis a) qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, yvelas, visac bralad aqvs wayenebuli sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena, ufleba aqvs:
dauyovnebliv da detalurad ecnobos wayenebuli braldebis arsi da mizezi misTvis gasageb enaze.
xsenebuli debulebis mizans warmoadgens, rom pirs braldebis wayenebisas an samarTalwarmoebis aRZvrisas ganemartos braldeba. rac Seexeba urTierT kavSirs konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtTan, es ukanaskneli zogadad moiTxovs Sesabamisi pirisaTvis ufro mcire detalebis Setyobinebis valdebulebas da naklebad mkacria. saqmeSi De Salvador Torres v. Spain ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom erovnuli sasamarTlo (imisaTvis, raTa ganmcxadeblisaTvis Sefardebuli sasjeli gaezarda) daeyrdno im damamZimebel garemoebebs, romlebic naxsenebi ar iyo wayenebul braldebaSi. Tumca, strasburgis sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom adgili ar hqonia konvenciis me-6 muxlis darRvevas, vinaidan is garemoebebi, romlebsac sasamarTlo daeyrdno, Tavidanve cnobili iyo da warmoadgenda braldebis Tanmdev elements, romlis Sesaxebac ganmcxadebelma samarTalwarmoebis dasawyisSive icoda. sapirispirod komisiam daadgina, rom adgili hqonda me-6 muxlis darRvevas saqmeSi Chichlian and Ekindjian v. France[68], sadac braldeba arsebiTad iqna Secvlili. ganmcxadeblebi Sida kanonmdeblobis erTi Tavis Tanaxmad gamarTlebul iqnen fulis mimoqcevasTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi, magram Semdgom, apelaciis Sedegad, isini msjavrdebul iqnen erovnuli kanonmdeblobis sxva muxlis safuZvelze. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam daaskvna _ marTalia, saqmesTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi cnobili iyo ganmcxadeblisaTvis, magram ar arsebobda imis mtkicebuleba, rom xelisuflebis kompetenturi organoebis warmomadgenlebma ganmcxadeblebs acnobes bralis gadakvalificirebis Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebis ganxorcielebis win.
me-6 muxlis me-3(a) punqtis Tanaxmad, braldebis Sesaxeb informacia Sesabamisi pirisaTvis miwodebul unda iyos im enaze, romelic ganmcxadebels esmis. saqmeSi Brozicek v. Italy[69] braldebuli germaneli iyo da Tavis argumentacias didi gaWirvebiT gamoxatavda erovnuli sasamarTlos winaSe. evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom italiis xelisuflebis organoebs, unda uzrunveleyoT Targmani. am zomebisTvis SeeZloT ar miemarTaT mxolod maSin, Tuki darwmundebodnen, rom ganmcxadebelma kargad icoda italiuri, rasac am SemTxvevaSi adgili ar hqonda. analogiurad, sasamarTlom saqmeSi Kamasinski v. Austria[70] daadgina _ ganmcxadebeli, romelmac ar icis sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebis ena, SesaZloa uares mdgomareobaSi Cavardes, Tuki mas ar uzrunvelyofen gadaTargmnili sabraldebo daskvniT. Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom piri msjavrdebul iqnes zustad im danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, romelSic mas brali waeyena. saqmeSi Pelissier and Sassi v. France[71] ganmcxadeblebs waeyenaT brali mxolod sisxlis samarTlebriv gakotrebaSi, magram msjavrdebul iqnen sisxlis samarTlebrivi gakotrebis damalvaSi. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom radganac ori danaSaulis elementebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRvevas.
me-6 muxlis me-3(b) qvepunqti
me-6 muxlis me-3(b) qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, yvelas, visac bralad edeba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena, ufleba aqvs:
`mieces sakmarisi dro da SesaZlebloba dacvis mosamzadeblad~
es wesi aseve exeba samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebas. aRniSnuli debuleba Zalian mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi daxmarebis uflebasTan, romelic uzrunvelyofilia me-6 muxlis me-3 (c) qvepunqtiT. zemoxsenebuli uflebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlom arsebiT ganxilvaze dauSveblad cno im ganmcxadeblis ganacxadi, romelic saboloo jamSi gamarTlebul iqna erovnuli samarTalwarmoebis dasasruls[72].
Tumca, erovnuli mosamarTle valdebulia, uzrunvelyos aRniSnuli garantiis jerovnad dacva mis mier warmoebuli sasamarTlo ganxilvis periodSi da ar daeyrdnos imas, rom xarvezis gamosworeba SesaZlebeli iqneba saapelacio samarTalwarmoebisas. samarTalwarmoebis drois adekvaturoba damokidebuli iqneba gansaxilveli saqmis yvela garemoebaze _ maT Soris, saqmis sirTulesa da mis kondiciaze[73]. qvepunqtiT gansazRvruli garantiis umniSvnelovanes elements warmoadgens is, rom damcveli advokati dainiSnos da mas gaaCndes sakmarisi dro da saSualeba, jerovnad moamzados dacvis pozicia[74].
aRniSnuli prezumfcia gulisxmobs imas, rom braldebulis advokats gaaCndes SeuzRudavi da konfidencialuri xelmisawvdomoba nebismier klientze (romelic imyofeba winaswar patimrobaSi), masTan erTad ganixilos da moamzados saqmis yvela elementi. winaswari patimrobis Sefardebisas an gagrZelebisas mosamarTleebma naTeli unda gaxadon da ganumarton mxareebs, rom maT ar sWirdebaT raime saxis specialuri nebarTvis miReba samarTlebrivi konsultaciis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki aRniSnuli uflebis ganxorcieleba damokidebuli iqneboda prokurorze, maSin adgili eqneboda ara marto am debulebis darRvevas, aramed mTlianad kiTxvis qveS dadgeboda samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilva. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, cixis administracias ufleba ar aqvs, moiTxovos mosamarTlis nebarTva imisaTvis, rom pirma advokatisagan samarTlebrivi konsultacia miiRos. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac braldebuli an misi advokati amtkicebs, rom maT ar hqondaT dacvis poziciis jerovnad momzadebisaTvis sakmarisi dro, mosamarTles ekisreba valdebuleba, gadawyvitos _ mizanSewonilia Tu ara sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebis gagrZeleba.
Tumca, garkveuli SezRudvebi mainc SeiZleba dawesdes. saqmeSi Krocher and Moller v. Switzerland saqmis arsebiT ganxilvaze daSvebasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetileba exeboda im pirTaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, romlebic braldebul iyvnen gansakuTrebiT saSiSi teroristuli danaSaulebis CadenaSi. mosamarTlem daaskvna, rom maT ar SeeZloT, mieRoT samarTlebrivi konsultaciebi 3 kviris ganmavlobaSi, aramed saSualeba hqondaT, advokatebTan mxolod korespondencia ewarmoebinaT, razec marTlmsajulebis zedamxedveloba xorcieldeba. mas Semdeg, rac maT advokatebTan Sexvedris neba darTes, am Sexvedrebze zedamxedvelobas ukve aRaravin awarmoebda. komisiam sxva analogiur saqmeebzec daadgina, rom adgili ar hqonia me-6 muxlis me-3 (b) punqtis darRvevas, radganac sruli izolacia atarebda droebiT xasiaTs da SemdgomSi ganmcxadeblebs sruli da SeuzRudavi daSveba hqondaT advokatebTan, xolo droebiT izolacias ar mouxdenia seriozuli zegavlena marTlmsajulebis jerovnad ganxorcielebaze[75].
saqmeSi Kurup v. Denmark[76] adgili ar hqonda konvenciis darRvevas, rodesac dacvis advokats daekisra valdebuleba, ar gaemJRavnebina Tavisi klientisaTvis ramdenime mowmis vinaoba. aRniSnuli ar iqna miCneuli SezRudvad, Tumca, sasamarTlom amasTanave daadgina, rom nebismieri aseTi SezRudva mkacr SesabamisobaSi da proporciuli unda iyos gamovlenis safrTxesTan.
saqmeSi Domenichini v. Italy[77] strasburgis sasamarTlom daadgina, rom cixis administraciis mier ganmcxadeblisaTvis Tavisi advokatis mier gamogzavnili werilebis monitoringi warmoadgenda rogorc evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 (b) punqtis, aseve me-8 muxlis darRvevas. magram aq sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWa im faqts, rom ganmcxadeblisaTvis gamogzavnili werilebi cixis administraciam mniSvnelovani xniT daayovna. amasTanave, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom SezRudva mkacrad unda iyos gawerili kanonmdeblobiT, romelic unda Seicavdes im garemoebebisa da situaciebis CamonaTvals, Tu rodis da ra moculobiT aris nebadarTuli uflebis SezRudvis ganxorcieleba.
saqmeSi Jespers v. Belgium ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom mas ar gaaCnda xelmisawvdomobis saSualeba prokuroris xelT arsebul konkretul masalebze. komisiam daadgina, rom adgili ar hqonda konvenciis me-6 me-3 punqtis darRvevas, radganac xsenebul masalebSi ar iyo araferi, rac saSualebas miscemda ganmcxadebels, Tavi emarTlebina an dayrdnoboda mas sasjelis SemcirebaSi.
damcvelis arCevis ufleba
evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 (c) punqtis Tanaxmad, pirs ufleba aqvs:
daicvas Tavi TviTon an mis mier arCeuli damcvelis meSveobiT an, Tu mas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi saxsrebi samarTlebrivi daxmarebis asanazRaureblad, mieces amis SesaZlebloba ufasod.
aRniSnuli garantia erT-erTi yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovania samarTliani sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebis ganxorcielebisaTvis.[78] adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom piris ufleba, Tavad daicvas sakuTari interesebi, ar aris absoluturi ufleba. saqmeSi Croissant v. Germany[79] sasamarTlom daadgina, rom erovnuli sasamarTlos mier ganmcxadeblis davaldebuleba, rom igi warmodgenili yofiliyo advokatis mier, Seusabamo ar iyo konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-3 (c) qvepunqtTan.
Sesabamis pirs ufleba aqvs, isargeblos iseTi samarTlebrivi daxmarebiT, romelic praqtikuli da efeqturia da ara mxolod Teoriuli da iluziuri. saqmeSi Artico v. Italy sasamarTlom daadgina, rom xelisuflebis organoebi pasuxismgebelni ar arian samarTlebrivi daxmarebis Sedegad gamoyofili advokatis yovel konkretul qmedebasa da dacvis ganxorcielebaze.
me-6 muxlis me-3 (c) punqti uzrunvelyofs `daxmarebas~ da ara `nominirebas~. amasTanave, advokatis mxolod nominireba ar uzrunvelyofs efeqtur daxmarebas, radganac samarTlebrivi daxmarebisaTvis daniSnuli advokati, SesaZloa, gardaicvalos, seriozulad avad gaxdes da gansazRvruli drois ganmavlobaSi ver SeZlos dacvis efeqturad ganxorcieleba. xsenebuli situaciebis arsebobisas xelisuflebis organoebs evalebaT daniSnuli advokatis Secvla an misi iZuleba, Seasrulos movaleobebi.
saqmeSi Kamasinski v. Austria sasamarTlom daadgina, rom
xelisuflebis kompetentur organoebs evalebaT, Caerion da konkretuli RonisZiebebi ganaxorcielon mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki saxezea samarTlebrivi daxmarebisaTvis gamoyofili advokatis mier masze dakisrebuli pirdapiri valdebulebebis Seusrulebloba, anu dacvis poziciis arajerovnad ganxorcieleba.[80]
samarTlebrivi daxmarebis ufleba absoluturi ar aris. is xorcieldeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu: ganmcxadebels ar gaaCnia sakmarisi saxsrebi, raTa Tavad dafaros samarTlebrivi daxmarebisaTvis saWiro Tanxebi, an Tu daxmarebis ganxorcielebas moiTxovs marTlmsajulebis interesebi.
`marTlmsajulebis interesebis Sefasebisas~ sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs Semdeg faqtorebs:
1. saqmis sirTules. rodesac saxezea rTuli saqme, braldebuls mometebulad esaWiroeba samarTlebrivi daxmareba[81];
2. im upiratesobaa, romliTac ganmcxadebeli isargeblebda, Tuki dacvas ganaxorcielebda Tavad;
3. imas, Tu ra mniSvneloba gaaCnia gansaxilvel saqmes braldebulisaTvis, anu danaSaulis simZimesa da savaraudo sasjels.
aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT evropulma sasamarTlom daafiqsira me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRveva saqmeSi Quaranta v. Switzerland[82] _ ganmcxadebels, romelsac uari ganucxades samarTlebriv daxmarebaze, sasjelis saxiT Seefarda 6 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.
me-6 muxlis me-3(d) mowmis gamoZaxebis ufleba
konvencia ar uzrunvelyofs braldebuls mowmeTa gamocxadebis SeuzRudavi uflebiT[83] an uflebiT _ daavaldebulon sasamarTlo, moisminos konkretuli mowmeebis Cveneba. Tumca, braldebis mier mowmeTa gamoZaxebisa da erovnuli sasamarTlos mier braldebis mowmeebis gamoZaxebisa da mosmenis procedurebi analogiuri unda iyos dacvis mowmeebis gamoZaxebisa da mosmenisa, radganac aRniSnuls erTmniSvnelovnad moiTxovs konvenciis me-6 muxlis erT-erTi umTavresi principi _ saSualebaTa Tanasworoba.[84] amasTan, ganmcxadebels ekisreba imis mtkicebis tvirTi, rom xelisuflebis erovnuli organoebis mier konkretuli mowmis argamoZaxeba da ardakiTxva zians ayenebda mis saqmes da SesaZleblobas, gaemarTlebina Tavi an Seemcirebina sasjeli ganxorcielebuli qmedebisaTvis.
strasburgis sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom mtkicebuleba wardgenil unda iqnes braldebulis TandaswrebiT. me-6 muxlis 1-l da me-3 punqtis (d) qvepunqtTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi wamoiWreba, rodesac braldebis mxare warmoadgens im piris mier micemul werilobiT Cvenebas, romelic ar wardgeba sasamarTlos winaSe (magaliTad, imis gamo, rom mas braldebulis an misi Tanamzraxvelebis mxridan SurisZiebis eSinia).[85] saqmeSi Doorson v. Netherlands[86] sasamarTlom daadgina, rom adgili ar hqonia me-6 muxlis me-3(d) qvepunqtis darRvevas, rodesac braldebam gamoiyena anonimuri mowmis Cveneba. ori mowmis mimarT, romlebic iyvnen Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebi da piradad icnobdnen braldebuls, arsebobda gonivruli da sakmarisi safrTxe, rom braldebuls gamoeyenebina maT winaaRmdeg Zaladoba. ufro metic, am saqmeSi arsebobda sxva mtkicebulebebic, romlebic warmoaCendnen braldebuls, rogorc damnaSaves. saqmeSi Van Mechelen v. Netherlands[87] sasamarTlom daafiqsira konvenciis darRveva imis gamo, rom policiam gamoiyena mowmeebi, romlebsac ar miuciaT Cvenebebi mosmenaze. strasburgis sasamarTlom daadgina, rom policiis Sesabamis oficrebs ar emuqrebodaT represiebi da ganmcxadeblebis msjavrdebac umetes wilad swored am mtkicebulebebze iyo dafuZnebuli. Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-6 muxlis darRvevas.
ufleba Tarjimanze
me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis (e) qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebuli piri uflebamosilia:
miiRos Tarjimnis ufaso daxmareba, Tu mas ar SeuZlia, gaigos an ilaparakos enaze, romelsac iyenebs sasamarTlo.
Tarjimnis ufleba eqvemdebareba mxolod erT moTxovnas. saxeldobr, imas, rom pirma, romelsac ar esmis samarTalwarmoebis ena, isargeblos Tarjimnis daxmarebiT mimdinare sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebisas. aRniSnuli uflebis ganxorcielebis dros gaweuli samsaxurisaTvis anazRaurebis SesaZleblobas (anu piris SesaZleblobas, dafaros Tarjimnis xarjebi) mniSvneloba ar aqvs. Tarjimnis uzrunvelyofis moTxovna vrceldeba sasamarTlo samarTalwarmoebaze da moicavs sxvadasxva gancxadebebisa da dokumentebis Targmans im mizniT, rom mopasuxem srulad gaigos da monawileoba miiRos samarTalwarmoebaSi.[88] Tumca, im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki Sesabamisi piris advokati flobs rogorc braldebulis, aseve samarTalwarmoebis enas, maSin, SesaZloa, saWiro aRar iyos TarjimniT uzrunvelyofa.
saqmeSi Brozicek v. Italy germanel moqalaqes brali waeyena italiaSi sxvadasxva danaSaulis CadenaSi. italiis xelisuflebis organoebis warmomadgenlebi daJinebiT amtkicebdnen, rom ganmcxadebelma icoda italiuri ena, romlis codnasac es ukanaskneli uaryofda. sasamarTlom daadgina me-6 muxlis me-3 punqtis darRveva, radganac xelisuflebis organoebma ver SeZles, waredginaT sasamarTlosaTvis sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom ganmcxadebelma icoda italiuri. Sesabamisad, maT ekisrebodaT valdebuleba, uzrunveleyoT igi Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT.
Tarjimnis uflebiT uzrunvelyofilni arian ara marto samarTalwarmoebis enisagan gansxvavebul enaze molaparake adamianebi, aramed yru-munjebic.
[6] ix. Nicolussi v. Austria
[14] sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi apelaciis ufleba uzrunvelyofilia konvenciis me-7 oqmis me-2 muxliT.
[26] Osman v. Turkey
[33] Ekbatani v. Sweden
[37] Ruiz Mateos v. Spain
[57] 56 DR 71.
[62] aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes, rom araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba iseTi mtkicebulebis miReba, romelic piris wamebis, araadamianuri Tu damamcirebeli mopyrobis Sedegadaa miCneuli.
[64] 35 DR 75.
[72] X. v. the United Kingdom
[74] X and Y v. Austria
[75] Bonzi v. Switzerland
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